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2023 Georgia Ag Forecast Series: Green Industry 2023 (AP 130-1-12) 1. 2022 was a good year for many green industry firms, with many firms seeing increased profits. 2. There are many unknowns going into 2023 that will impact green industry sales, including higher inflation and interest rates, mixed signals within the economy, and the impact of varying strength of the housing market in Georgia. 3. Green industry sales in Georgia are projected to be similar to 2022 …

2024 Georgia Ag Forecast Series: Green Industry 2024 (AP 130-2-12) 1. 2023 was a good year for many green industry firms, but not as good as 2020–2022. 2. The unknowns going into 2024 include higher inflation and interest rates, mixed signals within the economy, increased input costs, and variability in the housing market. 3. Green industry sales in Georgia are projected to be lower than 2023 levels.

Alternatives to Petroleum-Based Containers for the Nursery Industry (B 1407) Beginning in the 1970s, container nursery production acreage rapidly increased such that container nursery production is now the dominant method of nursery production. As a standard in the industry, plastic nursery containers are lightweight, durable, familiar to growers, work well with automation, and can be reused or recycled. However, they are limited in their ability to be sustainably eco-frie…

Annual Bluegrass Control in Residential Turfgrass (B 1394) Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) is a problematic winter annual weed in residential turf. Compared to most turfgrasses, annual bluegrass has a lighter green color, coarser leaf texture and produces unsightly seedheads. Contrary to its name, both annual (live for one season) and perennial (live for many seasons) biotypes of annual bluegrass may be found in turf. This publication describes methods of…

Annual Bluegrass Control Programs for Georgia Lawns (B 1463) Annual bluegrass (Poa annua) is the most problematic winter weed of lawns in Georgia. Plants have a light green color, coarse leaf texture, and produce unsightly seedheads. Annual bluegrass germinates in fall, overwinters in a vegetative state, and resumes active growth in spring. Competitive growth of populations causes stand thinning of desirable turfgrasses that may predispose lawns to invasion…

Armyworms in Sod (C 1130) There is considerable confusion regarding the life cycle and timing of fall armyworm infestation in turfgrass. It is not unusual for fall armyworms to infest newly planted sod in a home landscape, especially during late summer to fall. When fall armyworm infestation is detected, sod producers are often blamed for selling fall armyworm-infested sod. The reality, however, is that not all fall armywo…

Attracting Birds to Your Backyard (C 976) To attract and maintain a bird population, a habitat should provide (1) food, (2) shelter/nesting areas and (3) water. This publication describes several ways to attract birds to your backyard.

Azalea Bark Scale (C 1260) Azalea bark scale (ABS) poses a serious threat to azaleas, rhododendron, and Pieris (Andromedas) in Georgia. ABS is a soft scale insect; the nymph and female soft scales secrete a protective coating of waxy crust on their body that cannot be separated from the scale insect. ABS also is found on blueberry, hawthorn, huckleberry, poplar, and willow. ABS is found in cracks or crevices in the surface …

Bagworms in Urban Landscapes (C 1237) An introduction to bagworms, along with their biology, how they damage landscapes, and management options.

Basic Principles of Pruning Woody Plants (B 949) Pruning is one of the most important cultural practices for maintaining woody plants, including ornamental trees and shrubs, fruits and nuts. Proper pruning requires a basic understanding of how plants respond to various pruning cuts. The principles and guidelines in this publication will help you master common pruning techniques.

Beneficial Insects, Spiders, and Mites in the Southeast (C 1055) The purpose of this guide is to help users identify insects, spiders and mites that are beneficial to the garden. Such beneficials help manage pests that can damage plants. Tips to conserve and protect beneficials are also included.

Bermudagrass Control in Southern Lawns (B 1393) Although improved common (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) and hybrid bermudagrasses (Cynodon dactylon x C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy) have desirable qualities as turfgrasses for heat, drought and wear tolerance, bermudagrass is a problematic weed when grown in mixed stands with other turf species. Selective control of bermudagrass is difficult but often warranted in order to maintain acceptable quali…

Bermudagrass in Georgia (B 911) Bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) is an important warm-season, perennial, sod-forming forage grass in Georgia and throughout the Southeast. Bermudagrass is productive from spring until fall and is well-suited for grazing or hay production. Several varieties of bermudagrass are used in Georgia, ranging from common bermudagrass to the high-yielding, good quality hybrid bermudagrasses. The best variety to …

Best Management Practices in the Landscape (C 873) Research has shown that if you properly select, install and maintain ornamental plant, you greatly increase their survival and performance in the landscape. Following BMPs (Best Management Practices) not only conserve moisture in the landscape but will assure overall health and vigor of the ornamental plants.

Blossom-End Rot and Calcium Nutrition of Pepper and Tomato (C 938) The purpose of this publication is to introduce the problem of blossom-end rot and provide a guide to effectively diagnose and treat this problem.

Cane Blight of Blackberry (C 894) Cane blight can be a major disease of blackberry in the Southeast, resulting in severe losses. The wet, humid conditions observed in Georgia and other southeastern states allow for significant losses following pruning or other injuries to the primocane.

Care of Holiday and Gift Plants (C 951) Flowering and foliage plants can make welcome gifts. How long they remain attractive may be directly related to the care and handling they are given. This publication describes ways to properly care for holiday and gift plants to ensure maximum longevity.

Care of Ornamental Plants in the Landscape (B 1065) Most established ornamental plants in the landscape require care to stay healthy and attractive. Regular fertilization, pruning, watering, mulching and pest control are all part of a good landscape management program. This publication provides guidelines for the care of established ornamental plants in the landscape. Low-maintenance alternatives to traditional cultural practices are discussed thro…

Cation Exchange Capacity and Base Saturation (C 1040) Cation exchange capacity (CEC) is a measure of the total negative charges within the soil that adsorb plant nutrient cations such as calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+) and potassium (K+). As such, the CEC is a property of a soil that describes its capacity to supply nutrient cations to the soil solution for plant uptake.

Centipedegrass Decline (C 1003) Centipedegrass is ideal for the homeowner who wants a lawn that needs little care. It can be established by either seed or vegetative parts and does not require much fertilizer. Compared to other lawn grasses, it is moderately resistant to insects and diseases. Although centipedegrass is a relatively low maintenance grass, proper management is still required.

Chainsaw Chains and Bars (C 1208) The action end of a chainsaw, or the part that cuts, is made of the bar and the chain. Chainsaw chains come in many sizes and configurations and not all saws can handle all bars. To make the right choices for the job, a saw operator should be aware of the cutter type, pitch, gauge, and cutter configuration when purchasing a chain or a chainsaw.

Chainsaw Safety and Tree Cleanup (C 1198) Many people help with tree cleanup after storms pass through. Some are citizen volunteers, and others are private and public sector workers who may or may not have experience with chainsaws. This presentation covers the information every chainsaw operator needs to know before turning on the saw. Topics include personal protective equipment, the five essential safety features of a chainsaw, safe ca…

Chainsaw Safety Tips (B 1364) This publication discusses tips for purchasing the correct chainsaw for your needs and how to use it safely.

Chainsaw Safety: Preventing Common Tree Felling Accidents (C 1243) Accidents are common when felling a tree with a chainsaw. Fortunately, most of them can be prevented. Tips for preventing kickback, barber chair, entanglement, setback, and stump jump are presented in this publication, along with techniques for safely releasing spring poles.

Chainsaw Safety: The Five Step Tree Felling Plan (C 1220) Felling trees is dangerous. Accidents abound when chainsaws and falling timber combine. The five step tree felling plan is a safe and effective way to take down a tree with a chainsaw. Rigorous application of this method will help the saw operator identify and mitigate hazards while dropping the tree as planned.

Choosing a Landscape Irrigation Contractor (C 1056) Selecting a qualified irrigation contractor is very important. There are many irrigation products available and the installation process requires skill, knowledge and equipment. This publication outlines general considerations for purchasers of a landscape irrigation system. It also underscores the importance of considering the cost of water when selecting a contractor and protecting desirable tre…

Citrus Fruit for Southern and Coastal Georgia (B 804) Citrus plants are very versatile around the home and may be used as individual specimens, hedges or container plants. Their natural beauty and ripe fruits make them attractive additions to the South Georgia home scene. Cold-hardy varieties that receive recommended care may grow successfully in the coastal and extreme southern areas of the state (and to a lesser degree in more northern locations).

Classic City Garden Awards Series: 2013's Best New Plants from the Trial Gardens at the University of Georgia (AP 116-1) This publication showcases the plants that were awarded the “Classic City Award” in 2013.

Classic City Garden Awards Series: 2014's Best New Plants from the Trial Gardens at the University of Georgia (AP 116-2) This publication showcases the plants that were awarded the “Classic City Award” in 2014.

Classic City Garden Awards Series: 2015's Best New Plants from the Trial Gardens at the University of Georgia (AP 116-3) This publication showcases the plants that were awarded the “Classic City Award” in 2015.

Classic City Garden Awards Series: 2016's Best New Plants from the Trial Gardens at the University of Georgia (AP 116-4) New ornamentals have long been considered the lifeblood of the green industry. This publication contains recommendations for best-performing new annuals based on research conducted at the Trial Gardens at the University of Georgia, showcasing the plants that were awarded the Classic City Award in 2016.

Classic City Garden Awards Series: 2018's Best New Plants from the Trial Gardens at the University of Georgia (AP 116-6) New ornamentals have long been considered the lifeblood of the green industry. This publication contains recommendations for best-performing new annuals based on research conducted at the Trial Gardens at the University of Georgia, showcasing the plants that were awarded Classic City Awards in 2018.

Classic City Garden Awards Series: 2019's Best New Plants from the Trial Gardens at the University of Georgia (AP 116-7) New ornamentals have long been considered the lifeblood of the green industry. This publication contains recommendations for best-performing new annuals based on research conducted at the Trial Gardens at the University of Georgia, showcasing the plants that were awarded Classic City Awards in 2019.

Classic City Garden Awards Series: 2020's Best New Plants from the Trial Gardens at the University of Georgia (AP 116-8) New ornamentals have long been considered the lifeblood of the green industry. This publication contains recommendations for best-performing new annuals based on research conducted at the Trial Gardens at the University of Georgia, showcasing the plants that were awarded Classic City Awards in 2020.

Common Landscape Diseases in Georgia (B 1238) This publication describes some of the most troublesome diseases of Georgia's landscape plants. The following material will help you identify these diseases and offers recommendations for treatment. Knowledge about the common diseases of Georgia landscape plants will allow professional and amateur growers alike to better fight plant diseases and produce healthy plants.

Common Tomato Diseases in Georgia (B 1285) This publication contains information about common tomato diseases in Georgia. It includes photographs and descriptions of diseases such as buckeye rot and fusarium wilt.

Community and School Gardens Series: Extending the Crop Season: Unheated Spaces (C 1027-14) This publication describes common myths about cold protection and provides options for protecting plants from the cold in community and school gardens, including cold frames, row covers and hoop houses.

Community and School Gardens Series: Garden Fencing (C 1027-9) This publication describes options for fencing a community or school garden, including fence types and materials.

Community and School Gardens Series: Garden Sheds (C 1027-7) This publication provides information about storage sheds for community and school gardens, including local building codes, siting a shed, and alternatives to traditional sheds.

Community and School Gardens Series: Growing Fruits (C 1027-10) Community gardens designed to provide locally grown food for families can be used to grow fruits in addition to the more commonly grown vegetables. There are many common and lesser-known fruits that are suited for planting in community garden situations.

Community and School Gardens Series: Irrigation (C 1027-12) This publication describes irrigation methods suitable for community or school gardens, including overhead sprinklers, hand watering and drip irrigation.

Community and School Gardens Series: Less Expensive Sources of Plant Material, Amendments and Tools (C 1027-6) This publication offers advice on finding less expensive sources of plant material, amendments and tools for community and school gardens.

Community and School Gardens Series: Planning an Edible Garden (C 1027-1) This publication describes three steps for planning a school garden: garden location, soil and terrain, and choosing crops.

Community and School Gardens Series: Raised Bed Materials (C 1027-5) This publication describes the advantages and disadvantages of various materials used for building raised beds, including types of wood, composite materials, recycled materials, and kits.

Community and School Gardens Series: Raised Beds vs. In-Ground Gardens (C 1027-3) This publication describes the advantages and disadvantages of raised bed and in-ground gardens and may be used as a guide when planning a community or school garden project.

Community and School Gardens Series: Raised Garden Bed Dimensions (C 1027-4) This publication helps determine the ideal dimensions of raised beds for community and school gardens by focusing on three things: materials, slope and accessibility.

Community and School Gardens Series: Siting a Garden (C 1027-2) This publication provides recommendations for properly siting a school or community garden, taking into account sunlight exposure, water availability, slope, garden access, tool storage, compost bins and other amenities.

Community and School Gardens Series: Sources of Water for the Garden (C 1027-11) This publication discusses the advantages and disadvantages of various sources of water for a community or school garden, including municipal water, rivers or creeks, ponds, wells and rainwater.

Community and School Gardens Series: Stocking the Toolshed: Hand Tools (C 1027-8) This publication describes the types and quantities of hand tools that work best for community and school gardens, including shovels, rakes, trowels, hand pruners, gloves, children's tools, and carts and wheelbarrows.

Community and School Gardens Series: Weed Control (C 1027-13) This publication describes weed control methods that are appropriate for community and school gardens.

Compost Utilization for Erosion Control (B 1200) Composting is the controlled biological process of decomposition and recycling of organic material into a humus-rich soil amendment known as compost. Mixed organic materials such as manure, yard trimmings, food waste and biosolids must go through a controlled heat process before they can be used as high quality, biologically stable and mature compost (otherwise it is just mulch, manure or byproduc…

Composting and Mulching (C 816) This publication explains how to build, maintain a compost pile as well as how to use compost and mulch in the yard and garden.

Composting: Recycling Landscape Trimmings (C 981) Citizens throughout Georgia are recycling newspaper, cans, glass and plastic in an effort to divert these materials from the waste stream. Another important part of waste reduction involves recycling leaves, lawn clippings, and tree and shrub trimmings instead of placing them curbside for the county or municipality to pick up. These landscape riches from Mother Nature can be easily recycled and tu…

Conserving Water in the Vegetable Garden (C 964) All vegetables, especially tomatoes, like an even supply of water throughout the growing season, and will often develop problems if their water supply fluctuates. If watering restrictions or bans are imposed, water conservation becomes a critical issue.

Control of Common Pests of Landscape Plants (B 1074) Many species of insects or mites attack Georgia landscape plants. Homeowners have difficulty controlling these pests because they often are not aware of the problem until both the infestation and the damage are extensive, or they may apply insecticides improperly or at the wrong time. Brief descriptions of major groups of pests (or the damage they cause) found on Georgia landscape plants are provi…

Control of Lace Bugs on Ornamental Plants (B 1102) Lace bug damage to the foliage of trees and shrubs detracts greatly from the plants' beauty, reduces the plants' ability to produce food, reduces the plants' vigor ad causes the plant to be more susceptible to damage by other insects, diseases or unfavorable weather conditions. Repeated, heavy infestations of lace bugs may be the primary cause of plant death.

Controlling Moss and Algae in Turf (C 823) Occasionally, turfgrass areas begin to thin out and moss and algae start to form. These primitive plants develop because conditions for growing dense, healthy turf have declined. This publication gives you preventive practices and chemical suppression tips for controlling moss and algae in turf.

Crape Myrtle Bark Scale: An Emerging Invasive Pest in the Nursery and Landscape (C 1234) The crape myrtle bark scale (CMBS) is an emerging threat to crape myrtle (Lagerstroemia spp.) in Georgia. As the name indicates, this scale pest attacks the bark of crape myrtle, the only known scale insect that infests crape myrtle bark. A native of Asia, CMBS was first confirmed in Dallas, Texas, in 2004. Since then, the pest has gradually expanded its range to the southeastern states. In Georgi…

Crape Myrtle Culture (C 944) Crape myrtle is one of the most useful flowering shrubs/trees grown in Georgia. It provides abundant summer color with a minimum of maintenance.

Creating Pollinator Nesting Boxes to Help Native Bees (C 1125) Planting pollinator-friendly flowers in your yard is a great first step for improving the quality of pollinator habitats. Adding nesting sites and nesting materials is another important measure in creating sustainable habitats, especially for native bees. When bees have access to a diversity of nesting materials, their numbers are positively affected, so providing nesting resources in your landsca…

Dahlias (C 576) Dahlias are among the most spectacular flowers you can grow in your garden. Hundreds of varieties are available, with flower sizes ranging from 1 to 14 inches in diameter. Almost any color except true blue can be produced in Georgia. In exchange for their beauty, dahlias require dedicated care. Most of them need special soil preparation, staking, watering during dry periods, disbudding and a stric…

Designing, Constructing and Maintaining Bermudagrass Sports Fields (B 1292) This for-sale publication describes everything you need to know about designing, constructing and maintaining bermudagrass sports fields. It is available for purchase here: http://www.caes.uga.edu/publications/for_sale.cfm

Developing a WaterSmart Landscape (C 930) A water smart landscape is more than just water-efficient. It's a landscape that has been carefully designed, properly installed and managed to reduce pollution, improve conservation and ensure year-round beauty.

Diagnostic Guide to Common Home Orchard Diseases (B 1336) This publication is intended to be used as a pictorial diagnostic guide to identify the most common diseases seen on fruits grown in home landscapes, gardens, and/or orchards in Georgia. Use this guide as a supplemental resource and/or reference to the Homeowner Edition of the Georgia Pest Management Handbook.

Diseases of Leyland Cypress in the Landscape (B 1229) Leyland cypress has become one of the most widely used plants in commercial and residential landscapes across Georgia as a formal hedge, screen, buffer strip or wind barrier. Leyland cypress (x Cupressocyparis leylandii) is a graceful, rapidly growing evergreen tree that is adapted for growth within the 6-10a USDA hardiness zones. Leyland cypress is considered relatively pest-free; however, becaus…

Dollar Spot of Turfgrasses in Georgia: Identification and Control (C 1091) Dollar spot is an ever-present turfgrass disease that affects all warm and cool season grasses in the state of Georgia. The publication contains important information on the biology of the causal agent, detail description of the disease symptoms (aided by high quality-detailed pictures), relevant up-to-date information on conditions favoring the disease, as well as cultural, genetic and chemical m…

Drip Irrigation in the Home Vegetable Garden (C 1095) This publication is designed to give small market growers, homeowners, and Master Gardener audiences a quick guide to selecting and installing drip irrigation in the vegetable garden.

Eco-Friendly Garden: Attracting Pollinators, Beneficial Insects, and Other Natural Predators (B 1456) A pollinator-friendly and ecologically sustainable garden is both beautiful and able to attract and sustain beneficial insects, reducing the need for pesticides. This publication is based on new research in habitat management for purposes of planting insect-attracting plant species in order to intentionally draw insects to garden areas and urban landscapes. This is done by providing a refuge for t…

Effects of Low Temperature on Plants (B 1467) Temperatures affects plant growth and distribution. This publication explains how low temperatures (chilling and freezing) affect plant growth in production greenhouses, nurseries, and landscapes. These three environments have different causes and effects, each requiring unique responses to avoid injury. This publication outlines different techniques that can be used to avoid cold injury to plants…

Environmental Enhancement with Ornamental Plants: Butterfly Gardening (C 975) Butterfly populations can be greatly enhanced by devoting a portion of the landscape to butterfly habitat. In addition to their natural beauty, butterflies serve as valuable plant pollinators.

Environmentally Friendly Landscape Practices (C 967) With proper planning, planting and maintenance, a healthier landscape can be created with less expense, less work and less damage to the world around us.

Equipment Maintenance and Troubleshooting for the Landscape and Garden (C 1247) This publication covers routine maintenance and troubleshooting for common motorized equipment (small engine) that is used by small farmers and gardeners. Gardening and landscape equipment can be an expensive investment for both consumers and professionals. However, quality equipment can last a lifetime when cared for properly. Typically, you get what you pay for when it comes to equipment. Higher…

Fall Gardening: A Collection of Information and Resources (AP 105) This publication is an annually-updated guide to fall gardening information and resources for Georgia. Topics include planting tall fescue lawns, soil bag flower beds, planting pansies like the pros, planting collards, turnips and cabbage, planting a home fruit orchard, mulching with leaves, gardening chores, cleaning and storing garden tools, treating for fire ants, and additional resources.

Fall Vegetable Gardening (C 1258) This publication covers fall vegetable production including planting dates, spacing, general culture of cool-season vegetables planted in Georgia in the fall. Many people consider the end of summer to be the end of gardening season. However, there is a whole other world of vegetables that can be planted in the fall garden in Georgia. Temperatures are milder, and there generally are fewer insects a…

Fences for the Farm (C 774) Fences may be used to protect or divide property, to improve its appearance, to confine animals, or to exclude animals. This publication covers the planning for, type of, materials for, and maintenance of permanent and temporary fences.

Fertilizing the Home Garden (C 1179) This publication covers the basics of how to correctly fertilize the home vegetable garden. It discusses the differences between organic and synthetic fertilizers and the advantages and disadvantages of both. The circular also includes information about the importance of soil testing along with detailed instructions for fertilizing a new garden as well as more established vegetables.

Flatheaded appletree borer: A pest of trees in nurseries and landscapes (C 1261) The flatheaded appletree borer is a polyphagous pest—so called because it feeds on multiple tree species—native throughout North America. Flatheaded appletree borers impact specialty crops such as fruit, nut, and ornamental trees. Nursery growers in Georgia face mild to moderate levels of infestation depending on the local beetle population size and favorable environmental conditions. Adult flathe…

Flowering Annuals for Georgia Gardens (B 954) Annuals are the mainstay color plant of many home gardens. They are also used in increasingly large numbers in commercial and municipal landscapes because they provide landscape color in a very short time with minimal investment. Properly cared for, many annuals will brighten the landscape continuously from spring until frost kills them in the fall.

Flowering Bulbs for Georgia Gardens (B 918) A wide variety of bulbs grow well in Georgia. Most are grown for their flowers and some for their foliage. They are grown as pot plants, in shrub borders, naturalistic plantings and in mass displays. Bulbs offer a certain magic to the landscape virtually unrivaled by other plants.

Flowering Perennials for Georgia Gardens (B 944) This publication is devoted specifically to covering everything you need to know about growing herbaceous perennials, primarily to those that persist from crowns and/or fleshy roots.

Forest Farming–Forest Gardening: Growing Alternative Crops Under a Forest Canopy (C 1029) This publication describes forest farming (also known as forest gardening), which can be defined as cultivation of plants under a forest canopy (as opposed to wildcrafting, the practice of collecting wild plants and products from a forest). It includes suggestions for appropriate plants for cultivation in the Southeast.

Fungus Gnats: A Tiny Nuisance of Houseplants (C 1250) Nothing is more welcoming in the home, office, waiting room, or conference room than lush greenery. The benefits of plants in the home and workplace are well-documented. They remove pollutants, help workers relax and refocus, increase productivity, and make the room look better. Unfortunately, plants often come with the nuisance pest fungus gnats. Learn how to what they are, how they live, and how…

Gardening in Containers (C 787) Growing plants in containers differs from growing plants in the ground. Poorly drained potting mixture can lead to root problems. Under conditions of excess moisture and poor aeration, roots become stressed and are easily invaded by root rotting fungi. Under these circumstances, plants fail to grow properly or even die. In addition to guidance on soil preparation, this bulletin provides informati…

Gardening in Containers Using Tropical Plants (B 1338) Container gardening has enjoyed an increased popularity in the last decade. With increased urbanization, container gardens have come to the rescue to brighten up patios and balconies. This publication is intended to provide information on successful gardening in containers using tropical plant materials.

Georgia Fireflies (C 1213) Georgia is home to over 50 species of fireflies, more than any other U.S. state. Also known as lightning bugs, the insects’ “dancing light” patterns are an important, and nostalgic, part of Georgia summer evenings. To protect fireflies and ensure that we continue to enjoy their presence in the landscape, it is important to understand their lifecycle and habitat needs.

Georgia Master Gardener Handbook (AP 106) The Georgia Master Gardener Handbook, 8th Edition, is the official reference text produced by the University of Georgia and developed for Master Gardener training. For more information about the Georgia Master Gardener Extension Volunteer Program, visit www.GAmastergardener.org. This book, published in 2021, is currently available at $95 per copy (including tax). Single copies (no certificate or…

Georgia Pest Management Handbook — Home and Garden Edition (SB 48) The Georgia Pest Management Handbook gives current information on selection, application and safe use of pest control chemicals. The handbook has recommendations for pest control on farms, around homes, urban areas, recreational areas, and other environments in which pests may occur. Cultural, biological, physical, and other types of control are recommended where appropriate.

Georgia Pest Management Handbook Series: Perennial Grass, Pasture, and Forage (SB 28-25) Commercial insect and weed control in perennial grasses, pastures, and forages. Updated annually.

Geraniums (B 790) Geraniums are among the most popular flowering plants grown in the United States. They are easy to grow and can be used in many types of gardens, such as ground beds, planter boxes, hanging baskets and pots. They are ideal for flanking entrance-ways and adding color to border plantings. This publication explains everything you need to know about growing geraniums.

Gloomy Scale Insects: Pests of Trees in Urban Areas (C 1286) Gloomy scale (Melanaspis tenebricosa) is a serious insect pest that affects maple trees in urban Georgia. It can go undetected for years. Affected trees can show branch dieback and canopy thinning after 6–10 years, when the population reaches extremely high densities. A waxy shield covering protects females from predators and insecticide exposure, and usually gives them a convex shape. The armore…

Grasscycling: Let the Clippings Fall Where They May (C 1031) Grasscycling is the natural recycling of grass clippings by leaving them on the lawn after mowing. Grasscycling saves time, effort and, when done properly, is good for the environment and health of the grass. This publication describes the process of grasscycling, a practical and environmentally responsible way of recycling grass clippings in the landscape.

Gray Leaf Spot in Georgia Turfgrass: Identification and Control (C 1116) In the state of Georgia, gray leaf spot (GLS) primarily affects St. Augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum) and is particularly chronic and damaging in the coastal area of the state. This publication contains important information on the biology of the causal agent, detailed description of the disease symptoms (aided by high-quality, detailed pictures), relevant up-to-date information on conditio…

Great Plants Under 20 Feet for Small Spaces (C 999) Well-chosen small trees and shrubs can provide privacy from your neighbors, separation from a road with heavy traffic or a screen to hide unattractive areas. By selecting plants that mature to a height of 20 feet or less, you can create a natural fence.

Ground Covers (C 928) Ground covers have many practical uses. Some can be used to control erosion when planted on slopes or banks. Others are effective lawn substitutes in areas that are too shady to support the growth of grasses or areas that are difficult to mow. Densely growing ground covers also effectively control weeds by blocking light from reaching the ground. Some ground covers can be used as attractive accent…

Ground Covers for Shaded Landscapes in North Georgia (C 1238) This circular discusses the most common ground covers, both native and non-native plants, that are suitable for culture in North Georgia landscapes in shaded areas.

Growing African Violets (C 660) African violets are now among the most popular indoor plants. They are easy to grow and offer a wealth of beautiful flowers.

Growing Bamboo in Georgia (B 1357) This booklet is written in an attempt to filter through much of the available information and make a simple, user-friendly information guide on growing bamboo in Georgia, which has a wide variety of soils and temperate zones.

Growing Bigleaf Hydrangea (C 973) Bigleaf hydrangea, also called French, Japanese, or snowball hydrangea, is a landscape plant. Bigleaf hydrangea can be transplanted to the landscape for repeat blooms each year.

Growing Dogwoods (C 900) One of the most widely planted ornamental trees in Georgia is the flowering dogwood. Dogwoods are not difficult to grow if they are located in the proper site and if healthy trees are purchased and planted properly.

Growing Ferns (B 737) Ferns became popular indoor plants during the Victorian Era. Today, they are used as specimens in atriums, greenhouses and conservatories, and we find them in the smallest apartments and the largest homes. They offer a quiet, graceful beauty by softening landscapes indoors and out.

Growing Hostas (C 955) Hostas are quickly becoming one of the most popular perennial plants grown in our landscapes. Sometimes referred to as plantain lilies, hostas are reliable plants for both shade and partial sun situations. This publication includes variety recommendations.

Growing Indoor Plants with Success (B 1318) Interior plants are an ideal way to create attractive and restful settings while enhancing our sense of well being. In addition, houseplants can be a satisfying hobby and can help purify the air in our homes. To be a successful indoor gardener, you need to understand how the interior environment affects plant growth and how cultivation differs from growing plants outdoors.

Growing Southern Magnolia (C 974) Southern magnolia is an aristocratic tree. It grows well throughout Georgia, is widely adaptable to a variety of soils and has few pest problems. With glossy evergreen foliage and large white fragrant blossoms, it truly is one of the most handsome and durable native trees for our Southern landscapes.

Growing Sunflowers in the Home Garden (C 1121) Sunflowers can be an important addition to the home garden due to their ability to attract beneficial insects as well as serve as a trap crop. Sunflowers also provide a nutritional, edible crop high in protein and low in fat. This publication covers the basics of how to grow and harvest sunflowers in the home garden. The circular introduces the benefits of growing sunflowers as well as multiple us…

Hedge Pruning Pecan Trees in the Southeastern U.S. (B 1557) As pecan trees grow in an orchard, their tree canopies encroach upon one another, causing excessive shading, which can increase alternate bearing intensity and reduce tree health and orchard profitability. Historically, limb pruning and tree removal have been the most common methods of dealing with this problem, particularly in the low-light environment of the southeastern United States. Mechanica…

Help for Homeowner Associations: Your County Extension Agent Has Answers (C 1175) Homeowner associations strive to provide attractive and functional landscapes for HOA members. Your county Cooperative Extension agent is a valuable collaborator in this quest. UGA Extension agents can provide access to university resources and scientific information that may help you manage the community water features, troubleshoot pest problems, update covenants, and more.

Herbs in Southern Gardens (B 1170) Growing herbs - both annuals and perennials - is simple and rewarding. A wide variety of herbs can grow in most parts of the United States. Those featured in this publication grow well in the Deep South with its hot, humid summers and fluctuating winter temperatures.

Hiring a Tree Care Service (C 1098) Healthy trees add to property value and have many ecological benefits. Hiring a tree care service is an important decision. The work is often dangerous for the workers and if not properly done, can damage property and damage or kill the tree. These guidelines will help tree owners select a tree care service.

Hobby Greenhouses (B 910) The gardener who has a greenhouse can extend or intermingle the seasons at will. Whether you wish to build your own greenhouse from scratch or purchase a prefabricated structure ready for assembly, this publication explains everything you need to know about building and maintaining a hobby greenhouse. This publication also includes several building design plans.

Home & Garden Georgia Pest Management Handbook Series: Animals and Honey Bees (SB 48-03) This section of the Home & Garden Edition covers external parasite control in companion animals, flea control products, and honey bee disease and pest control. Beginning in 2022, the Home & Garden Edition has been updated biennially. When purchasing a product based on a first-year recommendation of the Handbook, check the current product label before purchase to be sure it is still labeled for the…

Home & Garden Georgia Pest Management Handbook Series: Aquatic Environments (SB 48-04) This section of the Home & Garden Edition covers external parasite control in aquatic environments, including fishery chemicals, aquatic weed control, response to herbicides, restrictions, and calculating concentrations in aquatic environments. Beginning in 2022, the Home & Garden Edition has been updated biennially. When purchasing a product based on a first-year recommendation of the Handbook, c…

Home & Garden Georgia Pest Management Handbook Series: Home Fungicide Guide (SB 48-06) This section of the Home & Garden Edition covers fungicides for use in and around your home. Beginning in 2022, the Home & Garden Edition has been updated biennially. When purchasing a product based on a first-year recommendation of the Handbook, check the current product label before purchase to be sure it is still labeled for the use for which you are buying it. For pesticide products you have o…

Home & Garden Georgia Pest Management Handbook Series: Home Orchard (SB 48-05) This section of the Home & Garden Edition covers pest control in home orchards, including apples, peaches, bunch grapes, muscadines, strawberries, blueberries, and other fruits. Beginning in 2022, the Home & Garden Edition has been updated biennially. When purchasing a product based on a first-year recommendation of the Handbook, check the current product label before purchase to be sure it is sti…

Home & Garden Georgia Pest Management Handbook Series: Household and Stored Products (SB 48-07) This section of the Home & Garden Edition covers household and structural insect control, tips for hiring a professional pest control company, and management of excess moisture that attracts and sustains pest problems. Beginning in 2022, the Home & Garden Edition has been updated biennially. When purchasing a product based on a first-year recommendation of the Handbook, check the current product l…

Home & Garden Georgia Pest Management Handbook Series: Introduction and Table of Contents (SB 48-01) Beginning in 2022, the Home & Garden Edition has been updated biennially. When purchasing a product based on a first-year recommendation of the Handbook, check the current product label before purchase to be sure it is still labeled for the use for which you are buying it. For pesticide products you have on hand from earlier purchases, you are allowed to use them until they are depleted without pe…

Home & Garden Georgia Pest Management Handbook Series: Organic Strategies for the Garden and Home Landscape (SB 48-09) This section of the Home & Garden Edition covers organic gardening practices. The USDA National Organic Program has established rules for commercial organic production. These rules do not apply to home gardeners, but they are a useful guide for choosing organic pest management alternatives. Beginning in 2022, the Home & Garden Edition has been updated biennially. When purchasing a product based on…

Home & Garden Georgia Pest Management Handbook Series: Ornamentals (SB 48-10) This section of the Home & Garden Edition covers pest control in ornamentals, such as indoor plants, flowers, shrubs, and ground covers. Beginning in 2022, the Home & Garden Edition has been updated biennially. When purchasing a product based on a first-year recommendation of the Handbook, check the current product label before purchase to be sure it is still labeled for the use for which you are …

Home & Garden Georgia Pest Management Handbook Series: Pesticide Emergencies, Frequently Asked Questions, and Other Useful Information (SB 48-02) This section of the Home & Garden Edition covers what to do in the event of a pesticide emergency, important contacts such as poison control, frequently asked pesticide questions, abbreviations and equivalents, submitting specimens for identification, and instructions for calibrating various types of sprayers. Beginning in 2022, the Home & Garden Edition has been updated biennially. When purchasin…

Home & Garden Georgia Pest Management Handbook Series: Public Health Insect Control Outdoors and Parasites of Humans (SB 48-08) This section of the Home & Garden Edition covers pests of public health concern such as mosquitoes, bed bugs, gnats, fleas and ticks, house flies, lice, and more. Beginning in 2022, the Home & Garden Edition has been updated biennially. When purchasing a product based on a first-year recommendation of the Handbook, check the current product label before purchase to be sure it is still labeled for …

Home & Garden Georgia Pest Management Handbook Series: Turf (SB 48-11) This section of the Home & Garden Edition covers insect, disease, and weed control in home turfgrass. Care should be taken when using insecticides around any flowering plants when bees are actively foraging. Timing sprays for late afternoon and evening will minimize risks from broad-spectrum contact insecticides. Beginning in 2022, the Home & Garden Edition has been updated biennially. When purcha…

Home & Garden Georgia Pest Management Handbook Series: Vegetables (SB 48-12) This section of the Home & Garden Edition covers insect, weed, and disease control in home garden vegetables. Beginning in 2022, the Home & Garden Edition has been updated biennially. When purchasing a product based on a first-year recommendation of the Handbook, check the current product label before purchase to be sure it is still labeled for the use for which you are buying it. For pesticide pr…

Home Fruit Orchard Pruning Techniques (C 1087) This circular is a compilation of pruning techniques for apple, pear, peach, blackberry, blueberry, grapes, and pomegranate. Included are tools for pruning, definitions and descriptions of terms used in pruning, and diagrams illustrating best pruning practices. This work has important and relevant information about pruning and plant care for the home orchardist.

Home Garden Series: Disease Management in the Home Vegetable Garden (C 862) Plant diseases can be a significant problem in home gardens. Most vegetables are susceptible to a number of diseases. Home gardeners can reduce the occurrence of many diseases with sound cultural practices. This publication discusses managing diseases in the home vegetable garden.

Home Garden Series: Garlic Production for the Gardener (C 854) This publication gives gardeners tips to successfully produce garlic.

Home Garden Series: Georgia Homegrown Tomatoes (B 1271) This publication discusses the basics of growing tomatoes successfully, as well as avoiding common problems encountered by the home gardener.

Home Garden Series: Growing Cucumbers in the Home Garden (C 1034) Cucumbers are one of the most popular crops in today's home garden. This publication helps you to select the varieties to suit your needs.

Home Garden Series: Growing Home Garden Sweet Corn (C 905) Sweet corn is not difficult to grow and, by following the cultural guidelines provided in this publication, you too can enjoy this sweet delicacy.

Home Garden Series: Growing Rutabagas in the Home Garden (C 942) Rutabagas are a cool-season root crop that can be produced in the spring or fall.

Home Garden Series: Home Garden Apples (C 740) Apples are adapted to most areas of Georgia. Although the northern half of the state is best suited for the more "conventional" apple varieties, you can have success in the southern half of Georgia with adapted varieties.

Home Garden Series: Home Garden Asparagus (C 1026) For gardeners who are willing to put in a little effort and have some patience, asparagus can be a rewarding and delicious vegetable to grow. This publication explains how to grow asparagus in a home vegetable garden.

Home Garden Series: Home Garden Blueberries (C 946) Under good management, the native Georgia rabbiteye blueberry bushes will produce some fruit the second or third year after transplanting. By the sixth year they will yield as much as 2 gallons each and continue to increase as the plants get larger.

Home Garden Series: Home Garden Broccoli (C 1022) Broccoli is a cool-weather vegetable that can easily be grown in the garden in early spring or fall. Broccoli belongs to the Brassica family. Research shows that plants from this family are extremely healthy to consume and have the potential to reduce certain types of cancer. This publication describes the basics for growing broccoli in the home garden, from starting the plants from seeds to cooki…

Home Garden Series: Home Garden Brussels Sprouts (C 1069) Brussels sprouts belong to the cole crop family, which includes cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, and several leafy greens. The name Brussels comes from the city Brussels, Belgium, where the vegetable first became popular. Brussels sprouts are a cool season vegetable that can be grown both in the fall and early spring. This publication explains the basics on how to grow Brussels sprouts in the home…

Home Garden Series: Home Garden Bunch Grapes (B 807) Bunch grapes are often called “pod” grapes in rural Georgia since they produce large clusters of fruit. Georgia's climate is not well-suited to home garden production of European bunch grapes, but American bunch grapes and hybrids between the two species (French hybrids) grow well in Georgia. If grapes are well cared for and sprayed when diseases and insects threaten, you can expect yields of 20 t…

Home Garden Series: Home Garden Cauliflower (C 1023) Cauliflower is a cool season vegetable that belongs to the Brassicaceae family, and is sometimes considered one of the more difficult vegetables to grow in the home garden. For those gardeners who have a little patience, cauliflower can be an interesting and rewarding crop to grow. Gardeners can now select varieties of cauliflower that range in color from the traditional white to a deep purple. Th…

Home Garden Series: Home Garden Eggplant (C 1028) Eggplant (Solanum melongena) was introduced into the United States by Thomas Jefferson, who brought this heat-loving member of the Solanaceus family from Europe. While the original eggplants actually looked white, similar to chicken eggs, they now come in many shapes, sizes and colors. Eggplant can be grown in all Georgia gardens, and with some care, the harvest can be quite prolific. They can als…

Home Garden Series: Home Garden Figs (C 945) Most people are fond of figs. They are tasty and can be eaten fresh, preserved, or used for baking and making desserts. Figs will do well in most parts of Georgia except the mountainous areas.

Home Garden Series: Home Garden Green Beans (C 1006) Green beans are one of the most popular vegetables for the home garden. Fortunately, they are easy to grow as well. This short publication provides basic information on growing green beans in the home vegetable garden.

Home Garden Series: Home Garden Lettuce (C 1018) Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is a cool-season vegetable that can be planted in early fall or early spring in Georgia. This publication discusses growing lettuce in the home garden.

Home Garden Series: Home Garden Muscadines (C 949) Muscadines are truly a fruit for the south. Although muscadines can be grown successfully in most parts of the state, they are best adapted to the Piedmont and Coastal Plain areas.

Home Garden Series: Home Garden Okra (C 941) Okra is a Southern staple in the home garden and at the dinner table and can be grown throughout the state of Georgia. This vegetable is both easy and fun to grow and can be used in many different culinary dishes and for dried flower arrangements.

Home Garden Series: Home Garden Peaches (C 1063) Growing peaches and other fruit trees in Georgia and the southeastern United States is challenging. Peaches are not native to North America; however, many cultivars have been developed for our area, and Georgia has a long history of successful peach production. One must choose the site and the proper cultivar and provide care throughout the year to be successful. This publication includes inform…

Home Garden Series: Home Garden Pears (C 742) Pears are adapted to nearly all of Georgia. It is not uncommon to find trees as much as 50 years old that are still producing fruit.

Home Garden Series: Home Garden Peppers (C 1005) The rich, full flavor and freshness of a home-grown pepper just picked from the bush are the gardener's reward for growing their own peppers. Fortunately, the most popular pepper varieties are easy to grow as long as you understand and follow a few basic gardening principles.

Home Garden Series: Home Garden Persimmons (C 784) Many of the numerous species of persimmon can be grown in Georgia. Our native persimmon, Diospyros virginiana, is found from Florida north to Connecticut, west to Iowa and south to Texas. This publication covers planting and growing requirements as well as fruiting, harvesting, and insect pest information.

Home Garden Series: Home Garden Plums (B 1518) This bulletin offers information about plum production, pruning, thinning, fertilization, and variety selection in the home garden. Plums belong to the Prunus genus and consists of many species of different origins and diverse fruit types. Most commercially grown varieties are derived from either Japanese or Asian plums (P. salicina and its interspecific hybrids) or European plums (P. domestica). …

Home Garden Series: Home Garden Potatoes (C 1011) This publication discusses selecting the right types of potatoes, proper planting, maintenance and troubleshooting problems.

Home Garden Series: Home Garden Raspberries and Blackberries (C 766) Blackberries and raspberries are one of the most popular fruits to grow and they are among the easiest for the home gardener to successfully produce. Blackberries and raspberries come as erect types (no trellis required) and trailing types (trellis required), depending on the varieties selected. This publication discusses growing raspberries and blackberries in a home garden.

Home Garden Series: Home Garden Strawberries (C 883) Strawberry beds need a small area that receives full sun most or all day to get started. Strawberries will grow well in many types of soil, but the most desirable soil is fertile, medium-light in texture, well drained and with good moisture-holding capacity.

Home Garden Series: Home Garden Sweet Potatoes (C 1014) Georgia is the perfect place to grow sweet potatoes (Ipomea atatas). Sweet potatoes are considered a long season crop and Georgia's long, hot summers allow them to grow and mature well here. You might consider adding sweet potatoes to the crops you plan on growing in your garden. This publication contains concise information about growing sweet potatoes in the home garden.

Home Garden Series: Home Garden Swiss Chard (C 1039) This publication briefly explains how to grow Swiss chard in the home garden, including soil preparation, planting, culture and fertilization, harvesting, storing and using, problems and a list of suggested varieties.

Home Garden Series: Home Garden Watermelon (C 1035) This publication discusses growing watermelon in the home garden, including transplanting, starting seeds, soil preparation, culture and fertilization, harvesting, storage and use, and problems. It also includes a list of recommended varieties for Georgia.

Home Garden Series: Home Gardening (B 577) This publication explains everything you need to know about growing a successful home vegetable or herb garden, including location and planning, soil preparation, choosing what to plant and how to tend it, fertilizer, weed control, mulching and composting, watering, pollination, disease and insect control, harvesting, and freezing, canning and preserving.

Home Garden Series: Using Cover Crops in the Home Garden (C 1057) Cover crops can be an important component to any home garden. They are used for various reasons, including building the soil, controlling soil erosion, and limiting the initiation and spread of certain diseases and insects in the soil. This publication is designed for homeowner and Master Gardener audiences and discusses the benefits, selection, planting and use of cover crops in the home garden.

Home Garden Series: Vegetable Garden Calendar (C 943) The recommendations in this circular are based on long-term average dates of the last killing frost in the spring and first killing frost in the fall. Every year does not conform to the "average," so you should use your own judgment about advancing or delaying the time for each job, depending on weather conditions.

Homegrown Carrots (C 1232) Homegrown carrots have a unique freshness and juiciness to them and are much more flavorful than their store-purchased counterparts. This publication covers the basics of how to select and grow carrots in the Georgia garden, including planting, maintenance, problems, and variety selections.

Hort Management: For Landscape Managers (B 1261) HORT Management is an allied program for estimating landscape management costs. This program assists the user in estimating labor, material and equipment costs on a particular job, a break-even price, and bid price on a job. Industry average data and time/task data is used throughout the program, such as the time it takes to mow 1,000 sq. ft. with a certain size mower and equipment cost per hour o…

Hort Scape: For Landscape Installers (B 1317) Hort Scape streamlines the bidding process once the user builds a coded database of plants, including common and botanical names, plant sizes, plant costs, and per plant installation costs. Then, using the bid estimator, the user inputs the plant codes and quantities for the plants used on a particularly job, and the associated information on each plant is brought over from the database to the est…

Household Water Quality Series: Arsenic in Your Water (C 858-12) Arsenic in your drinking water poses a threat to your health. Since private systems are more susceptible to arsenic than public water systems, private well owners should take steps to guard their health. Measures include routine water supply testing and wellhead maintenance and protection.

Household Water Quality Series: Uranium in Your Water (C 858-14) Uranium in your drinking water may be harmful to your health. If your water comes from a public system, it is routinely tested to ensure safe levels of uranium. If your source of household water is a private well, cistern or spring, you are solely responsible for the quality of your own drinking water. Private well owners are encouraged to monitor uranium through water testing.

How to Convert an Inorganic Fertilizer Recommendation to an Organic One (C 853) Many farmers and gardeners use natural minerals and organic fertilizers rather than synthetic ones to build their soil. If you use organic materials as all or part of your fertilization program, this publication will help you calculate the proper amount to use from the recommendations provided by a soil test.

How to Generate Income on 20 Acres or Less (B 1551) The idea of producing your own food in a clean, controlled environment is very appealing. While dreams may be big, careful research and planning should be done prior to jumping into any farm venture. Important items such as desire, capital, feasibility, labor, demographics, and marketing all need to be considered.

How to Start a Community Garden: Getting People Involved (B 1399) Community gardening involves cultivating people and relationships, as well as the soil. There are many ways to start a community garden. The four steps included in this publication provide guidance and suggestions that will help you create a successful community garden.

Identification and Control of Microdochium (Fusarium) Patch in Turfgrass in Georgia (C 1265) This publication contains information on Microdochium patch, an emerging disease in the state of Georgia. This circular contains the biology of the causal agent, as well as a detailed description of the disease symptoms (with detailed pictures), relevant up-to-date information on conditions favoring the disease, as well as cultural, genetic and chemical methods of control. The publication is aimed…

Identification and Control of Spring Dead Spot in Georgia (C 1012) Spring dead spot (SDS) is a persistent and destructive disease of bermudagrass (Cynodon sp.) in Georgia. The disease can be problematic on lawns, landscapes, golf courses (bermudagrass greens, tees and fairways) and sports fields. The disease is particularly prevalent and damaging in north Georgia, especially in the Piedmont region. However, SDS can be observed throughout the state after harsh win…

Insect Identification Guide for Southeastern Landscapes (B 1409) This publication contains photos and descriptions to help identify pests in Southeastern landscapes. Beneficial and pest insects are both included. NOTE: This publication is designed with tabs and cutouts that are not necessarily apparent when printed on a home printer.

Irrigation for Lawns and Gardens (B 894) In order to maintain a lush, green lawn and productive garden, supplemental water in the form of irrigation is often needed during peak water use periods. Two basic types of irrigation are suitable for the home landscape: sprinkler irrigation and drip (or trickle) irrigation. This publication contains comprehensive information about irrigating lawns and gardens.

Is My Tree Dying? (C 1100) This publication outlines a tree inspection process that will help the homeowner identity potential problems and more effectively discuss the tree's condition with an Extension agent or certified arborist. The inspection begins at the base of the tree and moves to the canopy, highlighting potential tree health problems.

Junipers (C 956) Junipers are among one of the toughest plants for the landscape. Their hardy nature and drought tolerance make them ideal choices for many of our southern landscapes. It is impossible to generalize about the growth habit of junipers as the species vary from low-growing ground cover types to larger conical-pyramidal forms. Foliage color varies from lustrous dark green, to light green, blue, silver-…

Keep Your Pets Safe Around Plants (C 1245) House and garden plants may be toxic to cats and dogs. This visual guide will help pet owners learn which plants are safe, as even common plants can be deadly.

Key to Diseases of Oaks in the Landscape (B 1286) This publication contains a guide to diseases of oak trees in the landscape.

Landscape Basics: Color Theory (B 1396) This publication explores color relationships in the landscape, ways of seeing plants in terms of color, and various ways to use color successfully in plant selection and landscape design and composition.

Landscape Basics: Crop Rotation and Cultural Practices Help Reduce Diseases in Seasonal Color Beds (B 1423) Landscape professionals must consider many factors when choosing the right flowering annuals to plant for a particular location. Primary considerations include high visual impact, consistent bloom for color, foliage for texture and color, sun exposure, growth habit and low-water tolerance. Cost plays an important role as well. Many landscapers typically choose common annual ornamentals and tropica…

Landscape Basics: Designing a Quality Control Program for Your Company (B 1420) Well-groomed landscapes are often a result of considerable effort by landscape companies. Employees make them happen with routine care and, above all, attention to detail. A quality landscape and the image employees present on the job speak highly of the professionalism of the firm. Quality control (QC) is everyone's responsibility and an essential part of a landscaper's job. This publication desc…

Landscape Basics: Success with Herbaceous Perennials (B 1424) Whether in a commercial installation or residential garden, perennial plants can be successfully used to offer more landscaping choices, distinguish your firm from the competition and create a niche for your landscape business. Perennial plants are complex, and it is best to contract or hire a professional landscape architect for the design phase and train knowledgeable staff in proper maintenance…

Landscape Design Series: Choosing a Landscape Design Professional (C 1032-1) The landscape is a very important aspect of a home. Having a beautiful, creative and functional landscape requires some understanding of design principles, plant materials and outdoor structural elements. A landscape installation can be very simple or extremely complicated. Designing irrigation systems, outdoor lighting, stone walls and patios requires skills that go beyond those of the average ho…

Landscape Design Series: Drawing a Landscape Plan - Site Analysis (C 1032-4) Designing a beautiful landscape for the home can be a very enjoyable and satisfying experience. With a little homework, a landscape plan is within reach of most homeowners. Before great ideas can become a plan, you must determine the limitations and assets of the site. This publication briefly describes how to create a site analysis for landscape design.

Landscape Design Series: Drawing a Landscape Plan, The Base Map (C 1032-3) Preparing a landscape plan can be an enjoyable and satisfying experience if you do a little homework and follow a few guidelines. A simple landscape base map can be drawn without a computer, special software or even expensive drafting supplies, and is the first step in developing a landscape plan. The base map is an accurate representation of the existing landscape, scaled to fit the paper, showin…

Landscape Design Series: Working with a Garden Designer (C 1032-2) Designing a landscape is much like designing the interior of a house. Colors, patterns and textures must be arranged in a manner that is functional and suits the taste of the owner. The one major difference with landscape design is that most of the elements are living, providing seasonal change, forever growing taller and wider, and occasionally dying. An experienced garden designer has the abilit…

Landscape Plants for Georgia (B 625) This publication includes a list of good plants for Georgia organized into various sizes and groups. The design qualities of plants—their form, size, color and texture—are emphasized according to the principles and requirements of good landscape design and plant maintenance. Hardiness and disease and insect resistant qualities are also considered.

Lantana Lace Bug Biology and Management (C 1262) The lantana lace bug, Teleonemia scrupulosa Stål (Tingidae: Hemiptera), is a serious pest of lantana (Lantana camara L.). Although lantana is regarded as an invasive weed both in the United States and worldwide, many popular cultivars continue to be planted in residential and public ornamental landscapes and gardens. Previously, the lantana lace bug was deliberately introduced to several countries…

Larger Canna Leafroller: A Major Insect Pest of Canna Lily (C 1233) An introduction to the larger canna leafroller, plus information on biology and management.

Lawns in Georgia: Establishment (B 1533-2) Turfgrass enhances the landscape in ways that can be particularly important in urban environments. Turf is one of the most effective plant covers to reduce soil erosion and surface runoff while recharging ground water, which results in more efficient use of rainfall. In most landscapes turf occupies the largest area and provides an ideal surface for outdoor activities. It begins with selecting the…

Lespedeza Identification and Control in Turfgrass (B 1395) This publication describes ways to identify and control Lespedeza in turfgrass, including cultural control methods, preemergence herbicides and postemergence herbicides.

Macrocybe titans: Largest Mushroom Species in the Western Hemisphere Found Growing in Georgia (C 1033) This publication describes Macrocybe titans, the largest mushroom species in the Western Hemisphere, which has been found growing in Georgia.

Make Every Drop Count: Managing a Water-Wise Landscape (C 895-4) Water-wise landscapes not only save water, they save time by requiring less routine care than most traditional landscapes. This publication offers guidelines to help you achieve these goals and conserve water when managing your landscape.

Make Every Drop Count: Proper Planting Results in Healthy, Water-Efficient Plants (C 895-3) Planting ornamental plants correctly increases their survivability and performance in the landscape, and it helps them develop a vigorous, healthy root system that increases their drought tolerance during periods of limited rainfall. This pubication provides research-based guidelines for proper planting.

Make Every Drop Count: Xeriscape - Seven Steps to a Water-Wise Landscape (C 895-1) A landscape designed, installed and managed according to Xeriscaping's seven steps uses up to 50% less water than a traditional landscape. And, a well-designed water-wise is just as attractive as a traditional landscape.

Management of Turfgrass Insect Pests and Pollinator Protection (C 1127) Turfgrass is an important component of many landscapes. Research has shown that landscapes support diverse, abundant, and intact bee communities in New York, California, and Ohio. In fact, the abundance and diversity of bees visiting home landscapes have been observed to approach, and even exceed, numbers in nearby natural and/or agricultural systems. If the turfgrass has been treated or is being …

Managing Imported Fire Ants in Urban Areas (B 1191) Imported fire ants interfere with outdoor activities and harm wildlife throughout the southern U.S. Ant mounds are unsightly and may reduce land values. Although fire ants do prey on flea larvae, chinch bugs, cockroach eggs, ticks and other pests, the problems they cause usually outweigh any benefits in urban areas. While it is not possible to eradicate this species, controlling fire ants is highl…

Minor Fruits and Nuts in Georgia (B 992) Many types of fruits and nuts can be grown in Georgia due to our mild climate. This publication provides an outline of the culture and management of the exotic and uncommon fruits and nuts that can be grown in Georgia.

Mite Vector of Rose Rosette Virus (C 1176) Rose rosette virus vectored by eriophyid mites can cause major problems for nurseries, landscapers, and gardeners alike. The spread of this mite and virus can cause serious damage to plants, decreasing profits for nurseries and landscapers. The virus causes the plants to become undesirable and will eventually result in the death of the plant, which affects all segments of the rose industry as well…

Mole Crickets in Turf (C 918) Mole crickets are serious pests of Georgia turf. Estimates of mole cricket losses in commercial, recreational and residential sod now exceed $20 million annually. Weather and soil conditions in Georgia’s Coastal Plain region are ideal for mole crickets, and damage continues to increase.

Mulching Vegetables (C 984) Mulch should be easily obtained, inexpensive and simple to apply, although availability and cost vary from region to region. You can usually find mulching materials in your own yard, at garden centers or from tree-service firms. This publication includes a list of mulching materials, with emphasis on their advantages and disadvantages.

Native Plants for Georgia Part I: Trees, Shrubs and Woody Vines (B 987) This publication focuses on native trees, shrubs and woody vines for Georgia. It is not our intent to describe all native species — just those available in the nursery trade and those that the authors feel have potential for nursery production and landscape use. Rare or endangered species are not described. Information on each plant is provided according to the following categories: Common Name(s)…

Native Plants for Georgia Part II: Ferns (B 987-2) There are about 12,000 species of ferns in the world today. Most are found in the tropics. Currently, Georgia is home to 36 genera, 119 species and 12 hybrid ferns. The list is constantly expanding as new plants are found. To grow ferns successfully, it is important to match the site characteristics and growing environment with the native requirements of the fern species you intend to grow. Even i…

Native Plants for Georgia Part III: Wildflowers (B 987-3) This publication is a comprehensive guide to growing and identifying native wildflowers suitable for planting in Georgia. The term “wildflower” in this publication is a general term used to define both annual and perennial native herbaceous plants with showy flowers that have evolved with an ecosystem and grow naturally without either direct or indirect human intervention. NOTE: This publication…

Native Plants for Georgia Part IV: Grasses and Sedges (B 987-4) This publication describes and illustrates 48 grasses and 10 sedges native to Georgia. It is not the intent of the authors to describe all native grasses and sedges, but those that are most widespread or those having practical application for wildlife habitats, erosion control, restoration projects or landscape culture. A few of the plants are noted as being weedy or invasive and may not be approp…

Native Plants of North Georgia: A Photo Guide for Plant Enthusiasts (B 1339) This publication is intended to be a quick guide for plant enthusiasts of North Georgia. Each plant listing is accompanied by a photograph and a brief plant description. The description contains the common name, scientific name, leaf description, flower description, habitat and plant uses.

Natural Enemies of Pests in the Southeast Blueberry Systems of Georgia (B 1562) Blueberries are becoming the state fruit of Georgia with considerable acreage planted. Blueberries have many pest challenges and a current invasive pest challenge from spotted wing drosophilia (SWD). While efforts are underway to release new biocontrol agents for SWD, we still know little about the natural enemies in blueberry systems. Here we provide an overview of common natural enemies and cons…

New Native Little Bluestems (C 1081) Little Bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium) is a drought tolerant, low maintenance native plant. This ornamental, warm season perennial grass tolerates a wide range of soil conditions and is easily grown. Its purplish bronze blooms and vertical clusters of slender leaves make it a lovely addition to any landscape. It is cold hardy in Georgia, although it may suffer moderate damage in cold winters in…

New Trial Tropical Container Gardens (B 1361) With increased urbanization, container gardens continue to enjoy popularity and brighten up patios and balconies. For many reasons, tropical plants have become a staple in container gardens traditionally filled with herbaceous annuals, bulbs, succulents, perennials and woody plants.

Nutritional Deficiencies in Vegetables (B 1569) This brief guide covers nutrient deficiencies and their symptoms in common vegetables. Makenzie English, Horticulture Program Assistant, is co-author on this publication.

Oak Lecanium: An Insect Pest of Trees in Landscapes (C 1285) Oak lecanium, Parthenolecanium quercifex (Hemiptera: Coccidae), is a common soft scale insect pest of oak trees and other woody plants. They infest trees under high stress, such as those planted in parking lots, greenscapes, and other urban areas. Like other soft scale insects, oak lecanium scales feed on tree sap, and they excrete the excess sugars as honeydew. Sooty mold fungus grows on honeydew…

Ornamental Plantings on Septic Drainfields (C 1030) Ornamental plantings can be attractive and beneficial options for the expanse of open ground designated for a septic drainfield. Properly chosen plants help manage moisture and nutrient levels in the soils around the drainfield, and can discourage activities that may cause site compaction and reduce the effectiveness of the system. The drawback is that poor plant choices can create costly maintena…

Pampas Grass (C 983) Pampas grass is a large perennial grass native to Brazil, Argentina, and Chile. Mature plants can reach 10 feet tall and 6 feet wide. In late summer, silvery-white plumes rise several feet above the foliage and make a bold, dramatic statement in the landscape.

Pecan Trees for the Home or Backyard Orchard (B 1348) Pecan trees are commonly found surrounding both urban and rural dwellings throughout Georgia. They can enhance the environment and provide additional income from the sale of nuts. This publication contains comprehensive information about pecan trees for the home or backyard orchard.

Plant Propagation for the Home Garden Series: Starting Plants From Seed for the Home Gardener (B 1432) A number of plants, particularly vegetables, annuals, and herbs, can be grown from seed. There are many advantages to propagating plants from seed. This publication provides information on seed selection, materials, seeding techniques, thinning, and transplanting. A step-by-step, quick reference guide is also included.

Planting Your Bare-Root Fruit Tree (C 1061) Many fruit trees are purchased as bare-root trees. A bare-root tree is a dormant tree that has no soil or planting medium around the roots. Here are some tips on storing, planting, and caring for your bare-root fruit tree.

Poisonous Plants in the Landscape (C 957) While most of us are familiar with common poisonous plants that cause dermatitis (skin irritations) such as poison ivy or poison oak, we fail to recognize common ornamental plants in the landscape that may cause internal poisoning when ingested. Although most adults would not intentionally eat the leaves or fruit of ornamental plants in the landscape, young children or pets sometimes do. The purpo…

Pollination of Vegetable Crops (C 934) Plants develop seeds through a process called pollination. Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the stamen (male flower part) to the pistil (female flower part).

Pollinator Garden Design Guide Appendices (B 1570-1) The lead author of this publication is Katherine Melcher, College of Environment and Design. The UGA Extension contact for the publication's content is Becky Griffin. These appendices provide information about plants that grow well in Georgia’s Piedmont Ecoregion, as well as to-scale plant symbol and plant ID card templates for use in creating design plans.

Pollinator Garden Design Guide: Activities for Youth, Schools, and Beginning Designers (B 1570) The lead author of this publication is Katherine Melcher, College of Environment and Design. The UGA Extension contact for the publication's content is Becky Griffin. Providing opportunities for youth to design their environment can increase their connection to everyday nature and increase their sense of empowerment. By combining ecology and design, garden design can also be a central piece in STE…

Poultry Litter Composting for Backyard Flocks (C 1097) Your coop is ready. You've built a covered run or exercise yard to keep your chickens safe from predators and wild birds that carry diseases. Your chicks are old enough to move outside, and you're eagerly awaiting your first fresh eggs. In the meantime, your chickens are producing something else on a daily basis: manure. How do you handle all of that poultry poop so that your neighbors don't com…

Production and Management of Garlic, Elephant Garlic and Leek (C 852) This publication discusses how garlic, elephant garlic and leek can be grown successfully in South Georgia.

Professional Grounds Management Calendar (C 802) This publication is a monthly guide for professional managers of commercial, recreational, municipal, institutional or private grounds in Georgia.

Protecting Georgia's Surface Water Resources (B 1217) Since only a small amount of water is available for human use, this publication was written to provide a broad-based discussion of how to protect our surface water resources.

Pruning Muscadine Grapes (C 1268) Many gardeners don’t realize how vigorously muscadines and grapes must be pruned each season in order to ensure good production. Quality equipment and care also is essential to maintain healthy plants. This video covers the basics of how to properly prune muscadines and bunch grapes. Correct pruning methods are essential for strong fruit production and must be performed annually at the proper time…

Pruning Ornamental Plants in the Landscape (B 961) This publication provides guidelines for proper pruning that may help assure healthy vigorous plants and lasting landscape beauty. First, we'll discuss the three basic Ts for successful pruning: tools, technique and timing. Then we'll examine the pruning requirements of specific ornamental plants in the home landscape.

Pulse Width Modulation Technology for Agricultural Sprayers (C 1277) This publication provides information on pulse width modulation (PWM) technology including its working principle, components, benefits, and best management practices for its optimal utilization on agricultural sprayers. Agricultural sprayers are commonly used for pesticide applications and come in various design types and sizes, including three-point hitch, pull-behind, and self-propelled. During …

Rain Gardens in Home Landscapes (EB 101) This publication includes three parts. Part 1 discusses stormwater as a pollution source for streams and water bodies, and provides a background on why rain gardens in our landscapes have great environmental value. Part 2 includes a thorough definition of rain gardens and their purpose, and gives step-by-step instructions on how to design a rain garden for a specific site. Part 3 discusses appropr…

Rainwater Harvesting for System Designers and Contractors (B 1372) With recent droughts and increased emphasis on water conservation, rainwater harvesting (RWH) has become an important alternative source for outdoor irrigation. RWH is the collection of runoff from roofs during a rainfall event. The water is conveyed through a gutter system, filtered and stored in a tank for later use. In Georgia, non-potable harvested rainwater can be an alternative water supply …

Repotting Basics (C 1240) This publication describes the reasoning behind repotting, as well as container selection, drainage, positioning the plant on an appropriate soil base, examining and attending to root issues, potential root removal and/or redistribution, backfilling, protecting, and watering the plant upon completion of repotting. As container plants mature, their biomass increases and the roots grow outward and…

Roses in Georgia: Selecting and Growing Techniques (C 1001) Roses are one of the most popular plants among Georgia gardeners even though growing roses in the southern climate can be challenging. Knowing which rose varieties to choose is the key to success. This publication discusses selection and techniques for growing roses in Georgia.

Safety Checklists for New Landscape Employees (B 1415) These checklists can be used to introduce new landscape workers to safe work practices. They ensure that job safety training includes safety instruction. Included are sections on general safety precautions, equipment safety, lawn mower safety and pesticide safety.

Safety for Hispanic Landscape Workers (B 1334) Hispanic workers predominate in Georgia's urban agriculture industry, comprising almost three-fourths of the workforce. Employers must ensure comprehension and safety compliance, address language barriers to create a safe workplace, use physical demonstrations, diagrams, bilingual materials and, if available, an interpreter. This publication covers general precautions, equipment safety, pesticide …

Seed Saving in Georgia Gardens: A starter guide for schools, communities, and homes (C 1242) This circular describes the process of saving seeds, particularly for heirloom varieties in the Georgia garden. This guide is useful for both home gardens and school or community gardens.

Selecting a Tiller for the Home Garden (C 1182) Most gardeners realize that they must manipulate the soil in their garden to successfully grow vegetables. Whether by hand, with a shovel, or a mechanical piece of equipment, tilling is an important practice for reducing compaction and mixing organic amendments into the soil. While smaller gardens and most raised beds can be turned with hand tools, larger gardens may require more sizable equipment…

Selecting and Growing Azaleas (B 670) Azaleas' vivid colors, profusion of flowers and adaptability to a wide range of soils and climates make them one of the most popular flowering shrubs in Georgia. Although most people associate azaleas with spring, there are several that bloom in summer and fall. By carefully selecting plants, you can have azaleas blooming at least eight months of the year.

Selecting Salt-Tolerant Native Trees for the Georgia Coast (B 1477) This publication explains the different sources of salt in the soil, the effects of high salt and salinity in plants, measurements of salinity in soils and water, and a list of salt-tolerant native trees alongside their ability to withstand high salinity. The information in this bulletin was requested by the green industry, county faculty, and the public.

Selecting Trees and Shrubs as Resources for Pollinators (B 1483) We can positively affect pollinator populations in our region by providing plants that help sustain them. Pollinators face the increasing challenges of habitat loss, parasite and disease pressure, and the unintended consequences of pesticide misuse. Bee forage plants can bloom season-long with careful plant selection appropriate to the region. A combination of herbaceous perennial and annual plant…

Shade and Street Tree Care (B 1031) With proper care, trees can be valuable commodities around our homes, communities and urban landscapes. Providing care requires understanding tree biology, or how and why trees function. Trees constantly interact with the environment, including changes in soil, light, temperature, moisture, competitors and pests. Humans can produce additional stress by altering environments, but with proper care a…

Shade Trees for Georgia (C 1013) Shade trees are a staple of Southern landscapes and include a variety of species, forms and seasonal appeal. In the Southeastern U.S., shade trees are used most often to provide relief from the summer sun and heat. Additionally, shade trees can be utilized to channel summer breezes to desired locations, add monetary value to a property, define outdoor spaces, and improve landscape sustainability b…

Silverleaf Whitefly: A Pest in Nursery and Greenhouse Ornamental Crops (C 1249) The silverleaf whitefly, also known as the sweet potato whitefly or Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), attacks a wide range of plants, from ornamentals to warm-season vegetables. Whiteflies are active from mid-July to mid-October and are found gathered together on the underside of leaves during the daytime. Although 76 whitefly species are known to exist in the Southeastern U.S., only a few …

Small Flowering Gardens Help the Migrating Monarch Butterfly (B 1558) A classic example of a North American species that undergoes a great migration is the monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus Linnaeus. Monarchs travel on air currents and cross more than 3000 miles in winter to reach their overwintering sites. Monarch butterfly populations are showing a declining trend. As the overwintering habitat in Mexico is destroyed by logging or deforestation activities, they h…

Small Market Fruit and Vegetable Farming (C 1251) This publication covers some of the basic information about what you may need and key considerations when developing a small fruit and vegetable farm.

Soil Inoculants (C 990) Soil inoculants are used for a variety of reasons. In some cases, we add soil organisms that have a known beneficial effect. A symbiotic relationship is one that is mutually beneficial. In return for the plant feeding the rhizobia carbon from photosynthesis and giving it a home, the bacteria can “fix” atmospheric nitrogen into a form that the plant can use.

Soil Organic Matter (C 1299) Soil organic matter (SOM) is a complex mixture of plant and animal tissues, and plays an important role in the physical, chemical, and biological processes in the soil. This publication describes how SOM contributes to overall soil fertility, factors controlling SOM abundance, and what cultivation practices growers can use to increase SOM in their soils.

Soil Preparation and Planting Procedures for Ornamental Plants in the Landscape (B 932) Proper planting is essential for healthy, vigorous growth of ornamental plants in the landscape. It assures rapid plant establishment by providing a favorable environment for the developing root system. This publication offers step-by-step guidelines that will help you achieve planting success.

Soil Salinity Testing, Data Interpretation and Recommendations (C 1019) The University of Georgia Agricultural and Environmental Services Laboratories offer soil salinity testing to help farmers and the general public diagnose and manage problems associated with soil salinity. By definition, a saline soil contains excess soluble salts that reduce the growth of most crops or ornamental plants. This publication discusses soil salinity testing, data interpretation and re…

Soil Testing for Home Lawns, Gardens and Wildlife Food Plots (C 896) Developing and maintaining productive soils begin with soil testing. Soils tests provide information on the soil's actual nutrient status. Test results are used to determine the amount and kind of nutrients that should be added for the best growth of lawn, garden, and other types of plants.

Soil Testing: Soil pH and Salt Concentration (C 875) Soil pH is one of the most important measurements of soil fertility. Knowing a soil's pH may help in diagnosing nutritional problems of agricultural crops and other plants.

Sourcing Soil Amendments for Small-Scale Farms and Gardens (C 1272) Whether from a local store, regional supplier, or another farmer down the road, understanding where your soil amendments come from and how they were handled prior to reaching your farm or garden is necessary to ensure you are sourcing the highest quality product with the lowest amount of risk.

Southeastern Peach Growers' Handbook Series: Phony Peach Disease (C 1253) This fact sheet covers phony peach disease: History, symptoms, disease cycle, and management.

Southeastern Peach Growers' Handbook Series: Propagating Deciduous Fruit Plants Common to Georgia (B 818) Deciduous fruit plants common to Georgia must be propagated asexually because they do not come true to seed. This makes it necessary to reproduce the desired fruit plants by methods such as cuttings, runners, layering, budding or grafting. This publication discusses the common techniques used to asexually propagate fruit plants adapted to Georgia.

Spanish Series: Calendario para Siembra de Vegetales (C 963-SP) Esta es la versión en español del Cuadro de plantación de hortalizas de la Circular 963, Horticultura en Georgia. Traducido por Rolando Orellana. [This is the Spanish-language version of the Vegetable Planting Chart from Circular 963, Vegetable Gardening in Georgia.]

Spanish Series: Construyendo Huertos Caseros (B 577-SP) Un huerto bien administrado y productivo es una delicia. Este puede proveerle a su familia y a usted con una variedad de vegetales nutritivos y saludables que pueden ser disfrutados frescos o en conserva para su utilización en el futuro. El trabajar en un huerto casero también puede ser un pasatiempo gratificante, un proyecto para miembros 4-H y una manera en la cual mejoramos nuestra condición fí…

Spanish Series: Control de Bermuda en Céspedes Residenciales del Sudeste de los EEUU (B 1393-SP) La bermuda es una planta perenne de estación cálida ampliamente utilizada para su uso como césped en el sudeste de los Estados Unidos. [Although improved common (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) and hybrid bermudagrasses (Cynodon dactylon x C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy) have desirable qualities as turfgrasses for heat, drought and wear tolerance, bermudagrass is a problematic weed when grown in mixed…

Spanish Series: Enfermedad “Mal del Pie” en Céspedes de Clima Cálido: Identificación y Control (C 1102-SP) El mal del pie es una enfermedad destrcutiva en la region central, sur y costera de Georgia. EL mal del pie afecta todos los cespedes de clima calido en Georgia pero es mas severo en el cesped San Agustin (Stenotaphrum secundatum). La publicacion contiene informacion importante en la biologia del gente causal, descripcion detallada de los sintomas de la enfermedad (con fotografias de alta definici…

Spanish Series: Enfermedades de Céspedes: Guia de Referencia Rapida (C 891-SP) Agente causal, céspedes susceptibles,condiciones que promueven la enfermedad, síntomas y control de mancha parda, mancha dólar, quemazón por Pythium, mancha foliar por Helminthosporium, marchitamiento por Curvularia, mancha foliar gris, anillo de hada, enfermedad toma-todo o pudrición radicular por Gaeumannomyces, roya, hongos gelatinosos y nematodos. [Causal agent, susceptible turfgrasses, cond…

Spanish Series: Enfermedades de los Céspedes en Georgia: Identificación y Control (B 1233-SP) Esta publicación es una guía completa para la identificación y control de enfermedades de los céspedes en Georgia. Enfermedades incluyen: mancha "dólar"; anillos de hada; pudrición radicular "toma-todo"; Mancha parda/Mancha larga por Rhizoctonia Royas; Mancha foliar o decaimiento por Curvularia; quemazón o mancha foliar gris; antracnosis; hongos gelatinosos; y pudrición radicular por Pythium/quema…

Spanish Series: Identificación y Control de Lespedeza en Céspedes (B 1395-SP) La lespedeza común (Kummerowia striata (Thunb.) Schind syn. Lespedeza striata) es una leguminosa anual de verano sin organización en sus ramificaciones, que es una maleza problemática en céspedes de jardines residenciales así como en otras áreas de césped. [Common lespedeza (Kummerowia striata (Thunb.) Schind syn. Lespedeza striata) is a freely branched, summer annual legume that is a problematic…

Spanish Series: Limpieza de Arboles Dañados por Tormentas (C 1199-SP) Los árboles son los que mas se dañan en las tormentas y son estos los mas peligrosos de limpiar. Los arboles dañados por tormentas están sujetos a una gran cantidad de peligros asociados con la tala de arboles y mucho, mucho mas. Las condiciones de trabajo pueden ser muy difíciles. Los arboles caídos se pueden enredar con otros arboles, o caerse en edificios, vehículos o alambres. La energía apres…

Spanish Series: Resolución de Problemas de Prácticas Culturales en Tomate (C 1089-SP) El tomate es una de las hortalizas más populares que se cultivan en el huerto familiar. Si bien las plantas de tomate pueden producir una gran cantidad de frutas saludables y deliciosas, su cultivo puede resultar frustrante. Además de las enfermedades e insectos más comunes que atacan a los tomates en el huerto, también pueden ocurrir varios padecimientos asociados con las labores culturales. Es i…

Spanish Series: Seguridad para Trabajadores Hispanos de Jardineria (B 1334-SP) Los hispanos representan la minoría más grande de los Estados Unidos con 42.7 millones de habitantes. Los trabajadores hispanos predominan en la industria de la agricultura urbana del estado de Georgia y conforman casi las tres/cuartas partes del total de obreros del estado. Los supervisores deben garantizar la comprensión e implementación de la seguridad laboral. Es imprescindible reconocer las b…

Spanish Series: Seguridad Usando Motosierras y Limpieza de Arboles (C 1198-SP) Muchas personas ayudan con la limpieza de los árboles después de las tormentas. Algunos son ciudadanos voluntarios; otros son trabajadores del sector público y privado que pueden o no tener experiencia con motosierras. Este PowerPoint cubre la información que todo operador de motosierra necesita saber antes de encender la motosierra. Los temas incluyen equipo de protección personal, las cinco cara…

Spanish Series: Uso Seguro de la Motosierra: El Plan de Cinco Pasos para el Corte de un Árbol (C 1220-SP) Use estos cinco pasos para el corte de un árbol de forma segura de principio a fin. Este plan funciona para arboristas profesionales y los que no lo son. Cortar árboles con una motosierra es peligroso. La combinación de herramientas eléctricas y la caída de madera crea peligros. La aplicación del Plan de Corte de Cinco Pasos ayuda a identificar y mitigar el peligro en el corte de árboles de princi…

Starting Plants From Cuttings for the Home Gardener (B 1553) This publication shows home gardeners how to propagate many of their favorite landscape plants from cuttings at a home garden scale, using tools and resources available to them.

Steps in Starting a School Garden (C 1101) This publication explains the necessary steps for starting a school garden. To create a sustainable garden, the emphasis is placed on school and community support.

Storm Damaged Tree Cleanup (C 1199) Trees are often damaged in storms and can be extremely dangerous to clean up. Storm damaged trees are subject to all the perils associated with tree felling and much more. Working conditions may be difficult. Downed trees may be entangled in other trees, or tossed on buildings, vehicles, or wires. Energy stored in compressed limbs and trunks can be release suddenly, explosively, and fatally. Each …

Success with Mixed Containers Using Perennial and Woody Plants (B 1418) This publication offers information on types of plants suitable for mixed containers, with an emphasis on perennial and woody species and cultivars, as well as aesthetic qualities, cultural conditions and placement within the container.

Success with Pansies in the Winter Landscape: A Guide for Landscape Professionals (B 1359) This publication provides guidelines for the planting and care of pansies to ensure success, including planting time, bed preparation, plant spacing, planting procedures, fertilization, freeze protection, and common insect and disease problems. Since seasonal color is a high-cost investment in the landscape, it is important to get the maximum return on your investment by following these planting a…

Sugarcane Beetle: An Emerging Insect Pest in Georgia Turfgrass (C 1257) The sugarcane beetle has been a significant pest of many crops, including sugarcane, corn, sweet potato, and rice, for more than 100 years. It is a native species commonly found in turfgrass. While low numbers of beetles in an area generally are not regarded as pests, increasing numbers of adult beetles have been causing damage to turfgrass stands throughout the Southeastern U.S. The adult sugar…

Summer Management Strategies for School Gardens (C 1298) Summer management of the school garden can be a challenge for educators and school gardeners. This publication presents several possible strategies for handling the garden so that teachers and administrations come back to school in the fall with a garden ready for use.

Take-All Root Rot of Warm-Season Grasses (C 1102) Take-all root rot (TARR) has emerged as a destructive disease in central, south and coastal Georgia. TARR affects all warm-season turfgrasses in Georgia, but it is more common and severe in St. Augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum). This publication contains important information on the biology of the causal agent, detailed descriptions of the disease symptoms (aided by high-quality, detailed…

Ten Steps to a Healthier Home Lawn (C 1009) The key to disease control is a healthy plant. Under proper turfgrass management, disease-causing conditions are often reduced and healthy turf is maintained. The following management practices will help achieve vigorous, healthy turf and reduce turfgrass disease problems.

The Georgia Water Stewardship Act (C 995) The Water Stewardship Act is intended to demonstrate Georgia’s deep commitment to the conservation of critical freshwater supplies. This publication provides an overview of the provisions and obligations for local governments, public systems and state agencies.

The Georgia Water Stewardship Act: Farm Use Water Withdrawal Permits (C 994) The Water Stewardship Act is intended to demonstrate Georgia’s deep commitment to the conservation of critical freshwater supplies. This publication provides an overview of the major provisions affecting Georgia farmers and their use of the state’s most precious resource: WATER.

The New and Improved Chaste Tree (C 1076) Chaste tree (genus Vitex) is an ornamental with many desirable qualities for the urban landscape. It is a deciduous shrub to small tree proffering violet flowers, which are a magnet for pollinators, fragrant foliage, and excellent drought and deer tolerance. It's not surprising that it has been touted as one of the best plants for Georgia gardens. There is always room for improvement on what nat…

The Truth about Slime Molds, Spanish Moss, Lichens and Mistletoe (B 999) This publication contains basic information about slime molds, Spanish moss, lichens and mistletoe.

Think Outside the Boxwood: Alternative Plants for Gardens and Landscapes (C 1107) Since 2014, boxwood blight has been steadily spreading throughout Georgia landscapes and threatening large and economically important boxwood plantings. This publication provides alternative plants to replace boxwood in landscapes across Georgia. It offers updated information on new cultivars and cautions against use of plants on the GA-EPPC invasive plant list as well as species and cultivars aff…

Tips for Saving Water in the Landscape (C 1010) Research has shown that a landscape that has been carefully planned and installed and properly managed will be healthier, less prone to insects and diseases, and will require less irrigation. Georgia's landscape and turf industry and UGA Cooperative Extension are urging citizens to implement inexpensive and easy-to-perform landscape management practices that decrease the need for irrigation and/or…

Tree Ownership and Responsibility (C 1099) This publication discusses the ownership, responsibility, and liability of trees. It presents common situations in which a neighbor's trees encroach on another's property and suggests ways to resolve related conflicts.

Tree Planting Details (C 989) This publication contains information about planting trees and shrubs, and includes AutoCAD files, .jpg images and .pdf files with instructions and images.

Tropical Plants Offer New Possibilities for Georgia Gardens (B 1272) The goals of these investigations were to achieve an aesthetically pleasing landscape while experimenting with mixing various plant habits, leaf textures and colors, and even flowers, and to raise consumer awareness, both at industry and public levels, of the alternative uses of tropical plants in the landscape. This publication presents plant performance data collected over a three-year period in…

Troubleshooting Cultural Problems in Tomatoes (C 1089) This publication is intended for general use audiences, including homeowners, civic groups, and master gardeners. It covers the basic troubleshooting procedures for solving common problems while growing tomatoes. It includes a description of both cultural and physiological problems and solutions.

Troubleshooting Vegetable Production Problems in the Southeast (C 1054) This publication is designed for small market growers, homeowners, and Master Gardeners in order to be a quick reference guide for diagnosing common problems in vegetables.

Turfgrass Diseases in Georgia: Identification and Control (B 1233) This publication is a comprehensive guide to identifying and controlling turfgrass diseases in Georgia.

Turfgrass Fertility Series: Turfgrass Fertility: Soil Texture, Organic Matter, Aeration, and pH (C 1058-1) Successful lawn care requires a basic understanding of soil properties. A healthy plant starts with healthy soil. Soil is a complex relationship of soil minerals, organic matter, soil inhabiting organisms, and plants along with water and air. Understanding when and how to aerate the soil and understanding what pH is and how it affects plant health is essential for turfgrass health. This publicatio…

Turfgrass Fertility Series: Turfgrass Fertility: Understanding Fertilizer Labels, Macronutrients, and Micronutrients (C 1058-2) A regular fertilization program is important to maintain healthy, attractive turf and should include applying the correct analysis of fertilizer, using the correct amount, and fertilizing at the proper time. Turfgrasses require a number of nutrients for growth. Three of these—carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen—are rarely lacking because grasses get these elements from carbon dioxide in the atmosphere an…

Understanding Laboratory Wastewater Tests: I. Organics (BOD, COD, TOC, O&G) (C 992) For most people a complete understanding of the standard methods required to accurately complete critical wastewater analytical tests is not necessary. However, a fundamental understanding of the theory behind and working knowledge of the basic procedures used for each test, and the answers to commonly asked questions about each test can be a valuable tool for anyone involved in generating, monito…

Understanding Laboratory Wastewater Tests: II. Solids (TS, TSS, TDS, TVS, TFS) (C 1276) With the passing of the Clean Water Act and subsequent creation of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the early 1970s, industrial, institutional, and commercial entities have been required to continually improve the quality of their process wastewater effluent discharges. The determination of wastewater quality set forth in environmental permits has been established in a series of l…

Understanding Wastewater Treatment Systems (EB 100) Many Georgia communities are wrestling with wastewater disposal issues. The choices a community makes may affect its growth and environmental quality. This PowerPoint presentation presents the basics of wastewater treatment systems so that community leaders can make better-informed choices.

Understanding Your Water Bill (C 972) Educating yourself on the basics of your utility’s rates and rate structure, you can determine how your water bill is calculated, double check to make sure you are being charged the correct amount, and make the most cost-effective decisions for reducing your bill through water conservation.

Urban Gardening: Assessing Soils for Contamination (C 1075) Urban gardeners and farmers may have concerns about potentially harmful contaminants in their soils. By determining the historical use of the land, one can test for soil contamination associated with prior use. This publication outlines appropriate testing procedures for soil contamination and recommends best gardening practices for working in urban soils.

Using Water Wisely with Automated Irrigation Systems (C 870) In Georgia, irrigation supplements rainfall and most years, even in summer, irrigation isn't needed every day. With a little careful observation, you can learn to determine your landscape plants' water needs.

Vegetable Gardening in Georgia (C 963) When space is limited, a plentiful supply of crops such as tomatoes, peppers, eggplant and okra can be grown with a few properly cared-for plants.

Visual Guide to Common Wildflowers of South Georgia (C 1288) Wildflowers not only beautify the landscape but also provide food and shelter for myriad insects, birds, and mammals. Georgia is rich in endemic (belonging in a particular area or environment) species which grow in a wide variety of habitats, from coastal dunes and pine sandhills to savannas, meadows, and forests. Although many species are primarily seen in undisturbed natural habitats, others hav…

Water-Wise Landscape Guide for the Georgia Piedmont (B 1444) Do you want a landscape that is beautiful, saves you time, effort and money and uses less water? If you do, a water-wise landscape is for you. Water-wise landscapes are designed, organized, and maintained by practices that use water strategically and wisely. Follow the seven basic steps outlined in this guide to create a beautiful water-wise yard or home garden.

Wax Scale Insect: What is the White Glob on My Twigs? (C 1291) Scale insects are very common pests of landscape trees and shrubs, yet they often are overlooked when scouting. They can, however, be responsible for chlorosis (loss of green coloration of plants due to lack of chlorophyll), branch dieback, or death of the plant. Wax scales are part of the soft scale group as they produce soft, cottony, powdery, or waxy covers that cannot be separated from the sca…

Weed Control in Home Lawns (B 978) Weeds can be major pests of home lawns. Due to differences in color, leaf size, shape and growth habit, weeds detract from the natural beauty of desirable turfgrasses. Additionally, weeds compete with turfgrasses for sunlight, soil moisture, nutrients and space. Many weeds can quickly become the dominant species in a lawn. This publication contains comprehensive information about weed control in h…

Weed Wizard Series: Controlling Florida Betony in the Landscape (C 867-11) Florida betony is a “winter” perennial and has a square stem with opposite leaves. Florida betony (also called rattlesnake weed and hedge nettle) is a problem weed in both turfgrasses and ornamentals.

Weed Wizard Series: Controlling Greenbrier (C 867-2) Greenbrier (Smilax spp.) is a difficult vine to control in the landscape. Also known as Catbrier, Cat Sawbrier and Sarsaparilla vine, once this climbing vine develops an extensive underground rhizome tuber system, it is difficult to control. This publication describes successful control methods.

Weed Wizard Series: Controlling Poison Ivy in the Landscape (C 867-10) Poison ivy (Rhus radicans) is a common poisonous plant in Georgia. Its preferred habitat is moist, deciduous forests and wooded areas; however, it is also found in pastures, fence rows, ornamental plantings and various types of noncropland areas. Every person who works outdoors with plants or participates in hiking, camping or other outdoor activities should be able to identify poison ivy. Failure…

Weed Wizard Series: Weed Control in Iris (C 867-8) With their beautiful flowers, irises are coveted as one of the finest herbaceous perennials. Unfortunately, like most garden plants, weed control in irises can be difficult. Established perennial broadleaf weeds can be extremely difficult to control, requiring special removal techniques. Fortunately, many annual broadleaf and grassy weeds can be easily controlled with mulches and the judicious use…

What’s Your Flavor? Bee Preferences for Crape Myrtle Cultivars (C 1185) Crape myrtles, Lagerstroemia spp., are popular landscape shrubs and small trees. Native to China, Japan, and Korea southward to Oceania, crape myrtles have been cultivated in the U.S. for more than 175 years. Cultivars range from 3-ft shrubs to 30-ft-tall trees, and they are graced with large panicles of white, pink, lavender, purple, red, and many colors in between. Among cultivars, crape myrtles…

When to Harvest Vegetables (C 935) This circular gives suggestions for determining the proper stage of maturity for harvesting many vegetables.

White Grub Pests of Turfgrass (C 940) White grubs are the larvae of scarab beetles. All are C-shaped, white to dirty white in color, with a brownish head and legs.

Winter Protection of Ornamental Plants (C 872) Cold damage to ornamental plants can be a problem during the winter in the Georgia landscape. Regardless of where you live, recommended practices can maximize the chances that your prized landscape plants will survive the winter.

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