Browse | UGA Cooperative Extension

232 publications were found on Crop-and-Soil-Sciences

1999 Corn Performance Tests (RR 661) Corn performance trials were conducted at six locations throughout Georgia in 1999. Short-season, mid-season, and full-season hybrids were planted at Tifton, Plains, and Midville in the coastal plain region, at Griffin in the Piedmont region, at Calhoun in the limestone valley region, and at Blairsville in the mountain region. High oil corn hybrids were tested at Tifton and Plains. Hybrids used fo…
1999 Peanut, Cotton and Tobacco Performance Tests (RR 664) This research report presents the results of the 1999 statewide performance tests of peanut, cotton, and tobacco. The tests for various evaluations were conducted at several or all of the following locations: Tifton, Plains, and Midville in the Coastal Plain region and Athens in the Piedmont region. For identification of the test site locations, consult the map in this report.
1999 Soybean, Sorghum Grain and Silage, Grain Millet, and Summer Annual Forages Performance Tests (RR 663) This research report presents the results of the 1999 statewide performance tests of soybean, sorghum grain and silage, grain millet, and summer annual forages. The tests for various evaluations were conducted at several or all of the following locations: Tifton, Plains, and Midville in the Coastal Plain region; Griffin and Athens in the Piedmont region; Calhoun in the Limestone Valley region; and…
1999-2000 Small Grains Performance Tests (RR 666) Grain-evaluation studies were conducted at five locations, including Tifton, Plains, and Midville in the Coastal Plain region, Griffin in the Piedmont region, and Calhoun in the Limestone Valley region. Small grain forage evaluation tests were conducted at three locations in Georgia, which included Tifton and Plains in the Coastal Plain, Griffin in the Piedmont, and at Quincy, Florida.
2000 Corn Performance Tests (RR 668) Corn performance trials were conducted at six locations throughout Georgia and two locations in Florida in 2000. Short-season, mid-season, and full-season hybrids were planted at Tifton, Plains, and Midville in the coastal plain region, at Griffin in the Piedmont region, at Calhoun in the limestone valley region, at Blairsville in the mountain region, and at Quincy and Jay in the panhandle region …
2000 Peanut, Cotton and Tobacco Performance Tests (RR 671) This research report presents the results of the 2000 statewide performance tests of peanut, cotton and tobacco. The tests for various evaluations were conducted at several or all of the following locations: Tifton, Plains and Midville in the Coastal Plain region and Athens in the Piedmont region.
2000 Soybean, Sorghum Grain and Silage, Grain Millet, Sunflower, and Summer Annual Forages Performance Tests (RR 670) This research report presents the results of the 2000 statewide performance tests of soybean, sorghum grain and silage, grain millet, sunflower, and summer annual forages.
2000-2001 Canola Performance Tests (RR 674) The 2000-2001 canola growing season was characterized by a dry and cool fall, an early and cold winter, and a mild spring. Soil conditions were extremely dry during September and October. This made land preparation difficult and, in some cases, delayed planting.
2000-2001 Small Grains Performance Tests (RR 673) Results of the 2000-2001 performance tests of small grains grown for grain and forage are printed in this research report. Grain-evaluation studies were conducted at five locations, including Tifton, Plains and Midville in the Coastal Plain region; Griffin in the Piedmont region; and Calhoun in the Limestone Valley region. Small grain forage evaluation tests were conducted at four locations in Geo…
2001 Corn Performance Tests (RR 675) Corn performance trials were conducted at six locations throughout Georgia and two locations in Florida in 2001. Short-season, mid-season and full-season hybrids were planted at Tifton, Plains and Midville in the coastal plain region, at Griffin in the Piedmont region, at Calhoun in the limestone valley region, at Blairsville in the mountain region and at Quincy and Jay in the panhandle region of …
2001 Peanut, Cotton and Tobacco Performance Tests (RR 677) This research report presents the results of the 2001 statewide performance tests of peanut, cotton and tobacco. The tests for various evaluations were conducted at several or all of the following locations: Bainbridge, Tifton, Plains and Midville in the Coastal Plain region and Athens in the Piedmont region. For identification of the test site locations, consult the map below.
2001 Soybean, Sorghum Grain and Silage, Grain Millet, and Summer Annual Forages Performance Tests (RR 676) This research report presents the results of the 2001 statewide performance tests of soybean, sorghum grain and silage, grain millet, and summer annual forages. The tests for various evaluations were conducted at several or all of the following locations: Tifton, Plains and Midville in the Coastal Plain region; Griffin and Athens in the Piedmont region; Calhoun in the Limestone Valley region; and …
2008-2009 Georgia Small Grain Performance Tests (AP 100) This report includes results of the 2008-2009 performance tests of small grains grown for grain and forage. Small grain forage evaluation tests were conducted at four locations in Georgia, which included Tifton and Plains in the coastal plain, Griffin in the piedmont, and Calhoun in the limestone valley region, and at Marianna, Fla.
2009 Soybean, Sorghum Grain and Silage, Summer Annual Forages and Sunflower Performance Tests (AP 103) This publication presents the results of the 2009 statewide performance tests of soybean, sorghum grain and silage, sunflower and summer annual forages. The tests for various evaluations were conducted at several or all of the following locations: Tifton, Plains and Midville in the Coastal Plain region; Griffin and Athens in the Piedmont region; and Calhoun in the Limestone Valley region.
2009-2010 Georgia Small Grain Performance Tests (AP 100-2) Grain evaluation studies were conducted at five locations in Georgia, including Tifton, Plains and Midville in the Coastal Plain region, Griffin in the Piedmont region, Calhoun in the Limestone Valley region, and at Marianna, Florida. Small grain forage evaluation tests were conducted at four locations in Georgia, which included Tifton and Plains in the Coastal Plain, Griffin in the Piedmont, and …
2010 Georgia Corn Performance Tests (AP 101-2) This publication includes the results of the 2010 corn performance trials. Corn performance trials were conducted at six locations throughout Georgia in 2010. Short-season and mid-season hybrids were planted at Tifton, Plains, and Midville in the Coastal Plain region, at Griffin in the Piedmont region, at Calhoun in the Limestone Valley region, and at Blairsville in the Mountain region. Hybrids us…
2010 Soybean, Sorghum Grain and Silage, Summer Annual Forages, and Sunflower Performance Tests (AP 103-2) This research report presents the results of the 2010 statewide performance tests of soybean, sorghum grain and silage, sunflower and summer annual forages.
2010 UGA Cotton Defoliant Evaluation Program - Midville Location (AP 111) This publication discusses the results of the 2010 UGA Cotton Defoliant Evaluation Program at the Midville location.
2010 UGA Cotton Defoliant Evaluation Program - Tifton Location (AP 112) This publication presents the results of the 2010 UGA Cotton Defoliant Evaluation Program at the Tifton location.
2010 UGA Uniform Cotton Variety Performance Evaluation Program (AP 110) This publication provides information on the 2010 UGA uniform cotton variety performance evaluation program. This was a “first-ever” approach, in that it illustrates how variety performance can change across a range of environments, which provides information on how to place varieties in environments where they will likely perform their best.
2010-2011 Georgia Small Grain Performance Tests (AP 100-3) Results of the 2010-2011 performance tests of small grains grown for grain and forage are printed in this research report. Grain evaluation studies were conducted at five locations in Georgia, including Tifton, Plains and Midville in the Coastal Plain region, Griffin in the Piedmont region, Calhoun in the Limestone Valley region and at Quincy, Florida. Small grain forage evaluation tests were cond…
2011 Georgia Corn Performance Tests (AP 101-3) In this research report, the results of the 2011 corn performance trials are presented. Corn performance trials were conducted at six locations throughout Georgia (see map inside back cover) in 2011. Short-season and mid-season hybrids were planted at Tifton, Plains and Midville in the Coastal Plain region, at Griffin in the Piedmont region, at Calhoun in the Limestone Valley region and at Blairsv…
2011 Soybean, Sorghum Grain and Silage, and Summer Annual Forages Performance Tests (AP 103-3) This research report presents the results of the 2011 statewide performance tests of soybean, sorghum grain and silage, and summer annual forages.
2011 UGA Cotton Defoliant Evaluation Program - Midville Location (AP 111-2) This publication presents the results of the This publication discusses the results of the 2011 UGA Cotton Defoliant Evaluation Program at the Midville location.
2011 UGA Cotton Defoliant Evaluation Program - Tifton Location (AP 112-2) This publication presents the results of the 2011 UGA Cotton Defoliant Evaluation Program at the Tifton location.
2011 UGA Uniform Cotton Variety Performance Evaluation Program (AP 110-2) The UGA Cotton Variety Performance Evaluation Program was a huge success in 2011, with 15 individual trials throughout Georgia’s cotton belt. This approach illustrates how variety performance can change across a range of environments, which provides information on how to place varieties in environments where they will likely be competitive. This publication contains information about the results…
2011-2012 Georgia Small Grains Performance Tests (AP 100-4) Results of the 2011-2012 performance tests of small grains grown for grain and forage are printed in this research report. Grain evaluation studies were conducted at five locations in Georgia, including Tifton, Plains and Midville in the Coastal Plain region, Griffin in the Piedmont region and Calhoun in the Limestone Valley region. Small grain forage evaluation tests were conducted at four locat…
2012 Georgia Corn Performance Tests (AP 101-4) In this research report, the results of the 2012 corn performance trials are presented. Corn performance trials were conducted at six locations throughout Georgia in 2012. Short-season and mid-season hybrids were planted at Tifton, Plains, and Midville in the Coastal Plain region, at Griffin in the Piedmont region, at Calhoun in the Limestone Valley region, and at Blairsville in the Mountain regio…
2012 Georgia Cotton Research and Extension Report (AP 108) This publication contains a report of cotton research trials and Extension activity in Georgia for 2011-2012.
2012 Soybean, Sorghum Grain and Silage, and Summer Annual Forages Performance Tests (AP 103-4) This report contains the results of the 2012 soybean, sorghum grain and silage, and summer annual forages performance tests.
2012 UGA Uniform Cotton Variety Performance Evaluation Program (AP 110-3) The UGA Extension Cotton Agronomists established this variety testing program in 2010. Our 2012 industry representatives (Americot, Bayer CropScience, Dow AgroSciences and Monsanto Company) were asked to provide commercially available cotton varieties that they considered their best-adapted varieties for Georgia. This uniform list of CORE varieties was planted in replicated trials in growers’ fiel…
2012-2013 Georgia Small Grain Performance Tests (AP 100-5) This publication contains results of the 2012-2013 small grain performance tests in Georgia.
2013 Georgia Corn Performance Tests (AP 101-5) In this research report, the results of the 2013 corn performance trials are presented. Short-season and mid-season hybrids were planted at Tifton, Plains, and Midville in the Coastal Plain region; at Griffin in the Piedmont region; at Calhoun in the Limestone Valley region; and at Blairsville in the Mountain region. Hybrids used for silage were evaluated at Tifton, Griffin, Calhoun, and Blairsvil…
2013 Georgia Cotton Research and Extension Report (AP 108-2) This publication contains a report of cotton research trials and Extension activity in Georgia for 2012-2013.
2013 Soybean, Sorghum Grain and Silage, and Summer Annual Forages Performance Tests (AP 103-5) This research report presents the results of the 2013 statewide performance tests of soybean, sorghum grain and silage, and summer annual forages. The tests for various evaluations were conducted at several or all of the following locations: Tifton, Plains and Midville in the Coastal Plain region; Griffin and Athens in the Piedmont region; and Calhoun in the Limestone Valley region.
2013 UGA Uniform Cotton Variety Performance Evaluation Program (AP 110-4) The UGA Extension Cotton Agronomists established this variety testing program in 2010. Our 2013 industry representatives (Americot, Bayer CropScience, Croplan Genetics, Dyna-Gro, Dow AgroSciences and Monsanto Company) were asked to provide commercially available cotton varieties that they considered their best-adapted varieties for Georgia. This uniform list of varieties was planted in replicated …
2013 Vegetable Crops Research Report (AP 113) This publication contains a report of research trials done on vegetable crops in Georgia in 2013.
2013-2014 Georgia Small Grain Performance Tests (AP 100-6) This publication contains results of the 2013-2014 small grain performance tests in Georgia.
2014 Georgia Corn Performance Tests (AP 101-6) In this research report, the results of the 2014 corn performance trials are presented. Short-season and mid-season hybrids were planted at Tifton, Plains, and Midville in the Coastal Plain region; at Griffin in the Piedmont region; at Calhoun in the Limestone Valley region; and at Blairsville in the Mountain region. Hybrids used for silage were evaluated at Tifton, Griffin, Calhoun, and Blairsvil…
2014 Georgia Cotton Research and Extension Report (AP 108-3) This publication contains a report of cotton research trials and Extension activity in Georgia for 2013-2014.
2014 Soybean, Sorghum Grain and Silage, and Summer Annual Forages Performance Tests (AP 103-6) This research report presents the results of the 2014 statewide performance tests of soybean, sorghum grain and silage, and summer annual forages. The tests for various evaluations were conducted at several or all of the following locations: Tifton, Plains and Midville in the Coastal Plain region; Griffin and Athens in the Piedmont region; and Calhoun in the Limestone Valley region.
2014-2015 Georgia Small Grain Performance Tests (AP 100-7) Results of the 2014-2015 performance tests of small grains grown for grain and forage are printed in this research report. Grain evaluation studies were conducted at five locations in Georgia, including Tifton, Plains, and Midville in the Coastal Plain region; Griffin in the Piedmont region; and Calhounin the Limestone Valley region. Small grain forage evaluation tests were conducted at four locat…
2015 Georgia Corn Performance Tests (AP 101-7) In this research report, the results of the 2015 corn performance trials are presented. Short-season and mid-season hybrids were planted at Tifton, Plains, and Midville in the Coastal Plain region, at Griffin in the Piedmont region, at Calhoun in the Limestone Valley region, and at Blairsville in the Mountain region. Hybrids used for silage were evaluated at Tifton, Griffin, Calhoun, and Blairsvil…
2015 Georgia Cotton Research and Extension Report (AP 108-4) This publication contains a report of cotton research trials and Extension activity in Georgia for 2014-2015.
2015 Tobacco Research Report (SB 63-9) This report contains the most recent results of tobacco research programs at the University of Georgia in 2015.
2015-2016 Georgia Small Grain Performance Tests (AP 100-8) This research report includes the results of the 2015-2016 performance tests of small grains grown for grain and forage. Grain evaluation studies were conducted at five locations in Georgia, including Tifton, Plains, and Midville in the Coastal Plain region; Griffin in the Piedmont region; and Calhoun in the Limestone Valley region. Small grain forage evaluation tests were conducted at four loca…
2016 Georgia Corn Performance Tests (AP 101-8) In this research report, the results of the 2016 corn performance trials are presented. Short-season and mid-season hybrids were planted at Tifton, Plains, and Midville in the Coastal Plain region, at Griffin in the Piedmont region, at Calhoun in the Limestone Valley region, and at Blairsville in the Mountain region. Hybrids used for silage were evaluated at Tifton, Griffin, Calhoun, and Blairsvil…
2016 Tobacco Research Report (SB 63-10) This report contains the most recent results of tobacco research programs at the University of Georgia in 2016.
2019 Corn, Sorghum Grain and Silage, and Summer Annual Forages Performance Tests (AP 101-11) This research report presents the results of the 2019 corn, sorghum and summer annual forage performance trials. Trials were conducted at seven locations throughout Georgia, depending on the crop. These included Tifton, Plains, and Midville in the Coastal Plain region, Athens and Griffin in the Piedmont region, Calhoun in the Limestone Valley region, and Blairsville in the Mountain region. Hybrids…
2019 Vegetable Extension and Research Report (AP 113-1) This report provides research and extension results for trials conducted by the University of Georgia Vegetable Team and its collaborators in 2019. Contributing authors include county and regional faculty as well as specialists from UGA's horticulture, plant pathology, crop and soil sciences, and entomology departments.
2019 Vidalia Onion Extension and Research Report (AP 114-1) This annual publication includes a report of 2018-19 onion research variety trials and Extension activity at the University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences. The report contains the results of research awarded by the Vidalia Onion Commodity Commission in 2019.
2020 Vegetable Extension and Research Report (AP 113-2) This report provides research and extension results for trials conducted by the University of Georgia Vegetable Team and its collaborators in 2020. Contributing authors include county and regional faculty as well as specialists from UGA's horticulture, plant pathology, crop and soil sciences, and entomology departments.
2020 Vidalia Onion Extension and Research Report (AP 114-2) This annual publication includes a report of 2019-20 onion research variety trials and Extension activity at the University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences. The report contains the results of research awarded by the Vidalia Onion Commodity Commission.
2021 Georgia Cotton Production Guide (AP 124-1) The 2021 cotton production guide provides an in-depth look at cotton production in Georgia and the southeastern United States. Issues discussed include economic outlook, fertility, weed management, insect management, disease and nematode management, irrigation decisions, precision ag technology, and general agronomics of the cotton crop (varieties, PGR applications, defoliation, etc.).
2021 UGA On-Farm Cotton Variety Evaluation Program (AP 110-6) Variety selection is one of the biggest decisions and investments cotton growers make each year. In 2010, the UGA Extension Cotton Agronomists implemented the UGA On-Farm Cotton Variety Evaluation Program to assist in this decision. Varieties are evaluated across a wide range of environments in the cotton producing regions of Georgia in cooperation with county agents and industry partners. The imp…
2021 Vegetable Extension and Research Report (AP 113-3) This report provides research and extension results for trials conducted by the University of Georgia Vegetable Team and its collaborators in 2021. Contributing authors include county and regional faculty as well as specialists from UGA's horticulture, plant pathology, crop and soil sciences, and entomology departments. All research has been supported by the Georgia Vegetable Commodity Commission.
2022 Georgia Cotton Production Guide (AP 124-2) The cotton production guide provides an in-depth look at cotton production in Georgia and the southeastern United States. Issues discussed include economic outlook, fertility, weed management, insect management, disease and nematode management, irrigation decisions, precision ag technology, and general agronomics of the cotton crop (varieties, PGR applications, defoliation, etc.).
2022 Vegetable Extension and Research Report (AP 113-4) This report provides research and extension results for trials conducted by the University of Georgia Vegetable Team and its collaborators in 2022. Contributing authors include county and regional faculty as well as specialists from UGA's horticulture, plant pathology, crop and soil sciences, and entomology departments. All research has been supported by the Georgia Commodity Commission for Vegeta…
2023 Georgia Cotton Production Guide (AP 124-3) The 2023 edition of the cotton production guide provides an in-depth look at cotton production in Georgia and the Southeastern U.S. Issues discussed include economic outlook, fertility, weed management, insect management, disease and nematode management, irrigation decisions, precision ag technology, and general agronomics of the cotton crop (varieties, PGR applications, defoliation, etc.).
A Beginner's Guide to Septic Systems (B 1421) Many buildings and homes have on-site wastewater management systems, commonly called septic systems. Because septic systems are buried, it is easy to forget about them as they quietly, elegantly and efficiently maintain human and environmental health. Septic systems are the norm in rural areas, but they can be quite common in urban areas as well. It is important to know if your building is on a se…
Alfalfa Management in Georgia (B 1350) Alfalfa is a high-yielding, perennial legume that is well-suited to hay, silage, or pasture production. Alfalfa is known as the “Queen of Forages” because it produces an excellent quality, high-protein forage. These properties make alfalfa one of the most widely-grown crops in the world.
An Analysis of Peanut Price Support Issues - 1996 (RB 425) In this report, analysis of data and results from previous studies are used to provide information concerning the peanut price support issue. This publication is provided for information purposes so that industry leaders may use it in their decision-making process.
Annual Bluegrass Control in Residential Turfgrass (B 1394) Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) is a problematic winter annual weed in residential turf. Compared to most turfgrasses, annual bluegrass has a lighter green color, coarser leaf texture and produces unsightly seedheads. Contrary to its name, both annual (live for one season) and perennial (live for many seasons) biotypes of annual bluegrass may be found in turf. This publication describes methods of…
Annual Bluegrass Control Programs for Georgia Lawns (B 1463) Annual bluegrass (Poa annua) is the most problematic winter weed of lawns in Georgia. Plants have a light green color, coarse leaf texture, and produce unsightly seedheads. Annual bluegrass germinates in fall, overwinters in a vegetative state, and resumes active growth in spring. Competitive growth of populations causes stand thinning of desirable turfgrasses that may predispose lawns to invasion…
Annual Ryegrass Control in Georgia Hayfields (C 1078) Annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), also referred to as Italian ryegrass, is the most problematic winter annual weed in Georgia hayfields. Seed germinates from September to November when soil temperatures drop below 70 degrees F. Seedlings mature in the fall, overwinter in a vegetative state, and resume active growth in the spring. Annual ryegrass is a prolific seed producer that contributes to …
Armyworms in Sod (C 1130) There is considerable confusion regarding the life cycle and timing of fall armyworm infestation in turfgrass. It is not unusual for fall armyworms to infest newly planted sod in a home landscape, especially during late summer to fall. When fall armyworm infestation is detected, sod producers are often blamed for selling fall armyworm-infested sod. The reality, however, is that not all fall armywo…
Baleage Production and Use (B 1532) Implementing a baleage system takes consideration and planning. Producers need to weigh the benefits, challenges, and costs to optimize their forage production and livestock feeding operations. Baleage does have additional costs associate with it—including a wrapper, plastic, and plastic disposal. It also takes different management strategies to store and feed baleage to prevent spoilage when comp…
Baleage: Frequently Asked Questions (B 1508) Baled silage, or “baleage,” is an excellent method for forage harvest, storage, and feed efficiency. Conserving forage as baleage enables harvests to be performed on a timely basis, allowing harvests to capture higher quality forage. This publication focuses on common questions about making and feeding baleage.
Bermudagrass Control in Southern Lawns (B 1393) Although improved common (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) and hybrid bermudagrasses (Cynodon dactylon x C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy) have desirable qualities as turfgrasses for heat, drought and wear tolerance, bermudagrass is a problematic weed when grown in mixed stands with other turf species. Selective control of bermudagrass is difficult but often warranted in order to maintain acceptable quali…
Bermudagrass in Georgia (B 911) Bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) is an important warm-season, perennial, sod-forming forage grass in Georgia and throughout the Southeast. Bermudagrass is productive from spring until fall and is well-suited for grazing or hay production. Several varieties of bermudagrass are used in Georgia, ranging from common bermudagrass to the high-yielding, good quality hybrid bermudagrasses. The best variety to …
Blueberry Irrigation Water Quality (C 1105) This circular is a review of water quality standards, calculations, and recommendations for water that will be used for irrigation of blueberries.
Calibration Method for Sprayers and Other Liquid Applicators (C 683) This publication discusses the proper calibration methods sprayers and other liquid applicators.
Calibration of Center Pivot Irrigation Systems for Wastewater Applications (B 1458) This publication was developed to provide farmers applying animal wastewater with step-by-step instructions to calibrate their center pivot irrigation systems. Within each step, the publication provides reasoning for that step and any equations to calculate the needed values. Along with instructions, the publication also provides a fillable table to collect data and charts to help determine applic…
Canola Production in Georgia (B 1331) Growing canola profitably takes planning and good management. All aspects of production from seed selection to harvest to marketing must be taken into account if the grower is to make a profit with this crop. Land preparation, fertility management, weed and other pest control, and timely harvest and marketing are all components of a good canola production package. Before you grow canola, dedicate …
Cation Exchange Capacity and Base Saturation (C 1040) Cation exchange capacity (CEC) is a measure of the total negative charges within the soil that adsorb plant nutrient cations such as calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+) and potassium (K+). As such, the CEC is a property of a soil that describes its capacity to supply nutrient cations to the soil solution for plant uptake.
Center Pivot Calibration for Wastewater: A Field Reference Guide (C 1084) This publication is intended to be used by those familiar with calibrating a center pivot system. The circular lists the steps, calculations, and charts needed to calibrate a center pivot irrigation system pumping wastewater, without explanations of the process itself. The PDF version contains worksheets and formulas. The step-by-step calibration procedure includes determining: the wetted diamete…
Centipedegrass Decline (C 1003) Centipedegrass is ideal for the homeowner who wants a lawn that needs little care. It can be established by either seed or vegetative parts and does not require much fertilizer. Compared to other lawn grasses, it is moderately resistant to insects and diseases. Although centipedegrass is a relatively low maintenance grass, proper management is still required.
Chemigation in Georgia (B 1298) Chemigation is an inclusive term referring to the application of a chemical into or through an irrigation system. It includes the application of fertilizers, acids, chlorine and pesticides. Chemigation can save time, reduce labor requirements, and conserve energy and materials. Chemigation is beneficial, however, only to the extent that the irrigation system is adequately designed, fully functiona…
Choosing a Landscape Irrigation Contractor (C 1056) Selecting a qualified irrigation contractor is very important. There are many irrigation products available and the installation process requires skill, knowledge and equipment. This publication outlines general considerations for purchasers of a landscape irrigation system. It also underscores the importance of considering the cost of water when selecting a contractor and protecting desirable tre…
Commercial Freeze Protection for Fruits and Vegetables (B 1479) Freeze protection efforts should be based on the type of freeze, temperature, and wind speed that is impacting your crop. To apply frost protection, consider your crop value, the freeze protection capacity of your system, and the crop's susceptibility to injury at each growth stage.
Commercial Pecan Spray Guide (B 841) This publication provides guidance for insect, disease, and weed control in commercial pecan orchards for 2023.
Commercial Snap Bean Production in Georgia (B 1369) This is an in-depth publication covering Culture and Varieties, Soils and Fertility, Irrigation, Sprayers, Diseases, Insect Management, Weed Control, Food Safety and Sanitation, Harvest/Post-Harvest and Waste Management, Marketing, Production Costs, and Organic Production of commercial snap bean production in Georgia.
Common Labels and Certifications Used to Market Sustainable Agriculture Products (C 1129) Label terms and certifications can be divided into those that are regulated and those that are unregulated. Regulated label terms and certifications are usually defined by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) or the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Within the USDA, the Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) is the agency responsible for the truthful labeling of meat and poultry…
Common Terms Used in Animal Feeding and Nutrition (B 1367) The purpose of this publication is to serve as an educational reference and resource to those who are interested in animal feeding and nutrition. Our primary objective is to list the common terms used when discussing animal feeding. This listing will also be helpful when reading articles on animal feeding and nutrition, feed analysis reports or tags associated with feeds sold in the market.
Conservation and Best Management Practices in Georgia: Implementing, Funding and Assistance (B 1335) Best Management Practices (BMPs) can be described as management and/or structural practices that are designed to reduce pollutants and erosion while increasing the quality of all life. The BMP concept deals specifically with nonpoint source pollution, such as runoff from agricultural fields, forest areas or urban areas. Best management practices are also voluntary in nature. Individual practices a…
Controlling Crabgrass and Goosegrass with Resistance to Sethoxydim and other ACCase-Inhibitors in Georgia Turf (B 1462) Sethoxydim has been widely used for grassy weed control in centipedegrass lawns, roadsides, and sod farms. Decades of exclusive sethoxydim use in Georgia have led to the emergence of ACCase-resistant goosegrass and southern crabgrass in turf. This publication covers the development, detection, and control of ACCase-resistance crabgrass and goosegrass for professional turfgrass managers.
Controlling Moss and Algae in Turf (C 823) Occasionally, turfgrass areas begin to thin out and moss and algae start to form. These primitive plants develop because conditions for growing dense, healthy turf have declined. This publication gives you preventive practices and chemical suppression tips for controlling moss and algae in turf.
Corn Production Safety and Health for Farmers (B 1333) This publication addresses safety issues inherent to corn production before and during a corn production season. We have divided safety issues into General Health and Safety, Corn Harvest, Corn Grain Bin, and Augers. Safety tips are presented that should be reviewed by anyone involved with corn production on the farm.
Cost of Irrigation Ownership and Operating Costs through Irrigation Budgets for South Georgia (C 1235) These irrigation budgets, developed by University of Georgia Cooperative Extension, are estimates of the irrigation costs of a center pivot irrigation system located in southeast Georgia. Our intention is to provide flexible, user-friendly irrigation budgets with default values. That being said, the variation among different farm conditions can impact investment costs and annual costs associated w…
Cotton Growth Monitoring and PGR Management (C 1244) Cotton growth monitoring is vital to producing a healthy crop, making sure that the crop is growing on track, and that there are minimal stresses on the crop. Growth monitoring also can assist in making plant growth regulator (PGR) applications. PGR applications are complex, and many factors play into the decision of when to use them and at what rates. The goal of this publication is to discuss th…
Cover Crop Biomass Sampling (C 1077) Cover crops are one of the most important practices that farmers can use to improve their soils and the sustainability of their production system. Knowing how much biomass there is in a field is a critical piece of information for cover crop management. Part 1 of this circular provides a step-by-step guide to taking a sample that will be representative of your field. Part 2 provides additional ste…
Crop Profile for Cowpeas in Georgia (B 1480) Georgia ranks in the nation's top 10 in cowpea (southern pea, Vigna unguiculata) production, with estimates of more than 4,900 acres grown in approximately 49 of 159 counties in the state in the 2014 production season. Colquitt County, located in southwest Georgia, leads the state in production with 1,900 acres. This cowpea crop profile is the first in the Southeast United States and will support …
Cutting Costs, Not Corners: Managing Cattle in Tough Times (B 1373) Cutting costs allows producers to survive during trying times and also teaches valuable lessons that may actually increase profits in future years. Cutting corners, on the other hand, may save some money in the short-run but ultimately will have very detrimental effects.
Designing, Constructing and Maintaining Bermudagrass Sports Fields (B 1292) This for-sale publication describes everything you need to know about designing, constructing and maintaining bermudagrass sports fields. It is available for purchase here: http://www.caes.uga.edu/publications/for_sale.cfm
Determining Lime Requirement Using the Equilibrium Lime Buffer Capacity (C 874) Soil pH is an important chemical property because it influences the availability of soil nutrients for plant uptake, and it affects a crop's root system development. Soil pH also indicates whether lime is needed to correct toxicities caused by aluminum and manganese, or to increase calcium levels in the soil. A new method measures the buffering capacity directly.
Drip Irrigation in Pecans (B 936) Research conducted on drip-irrigated pecans in Georgia over the past several years has shown that drip irrigation is highly beneficial even in wet years. The objective of drip irrigation is to supply each plant with sufficient soil moisture to meet transpiration demands. Drip irrigation offers unique agronomic, agrotechnical and economic advantages for the efficient use of water.
Eclipta Identification and Control in Peanut (C 869) Eclipta is considered to be one of the world's worst weeds. This publication discusses the identification and control of eclipta in peanut.
Ensuring Safe Private Well Water for Household Use After a Flood (C 1124) The quality of drinking water from wells may be compromised during a flood. Flooding around the well increases the risk of drinking water becoming contaminated with bacteria or any other contaminants, rendering it unsafe to drink and for washing food items. This publication describes the steps to take when you suspect that your well has been affected by flooding. Steps include well inspection, cal…
Evaluating and Interpreting Application Uniformity of Center Pivot Irrigation Systems (C 911) With rising fuel prices it is increasingly important that irrigation systems apply water uniformly in order to achieve maximum benefit from the water applied. The uniformity of water application under a center pivot is determined by setting out cans or rain gauges along the length of the pivot, bringing the irrigation system up to proper operating pressure, and letting the system pass over them.
Fall Gardening: A Collection of Information and Resources (AP 105) This publication is an annually-updated guide to fall gardening information and resources for Georgia. Topics include planting tall fescue lawns, soil bag flower beds, planting pansies like the pros, planting collards, turnips and cabbage, planting a home fruit orchard, mulching with leaves, gardening chores, cleaning and storing garden tools, treating for fire ants, and additional resources.
Fescue Toxicosis in Horses (C 1180) Tall fescue is the primary cool season perennial forage grown in the state of Georgia, and toxicity issues related to the grass can have significant impacts on equine reproduction. Tall fescue is the most heat tolerant of the cool season grasses due to a fungus that grows within the plant called an endophyte. This endophyte produces ergot alkaloids that can have negative effects on animals that ea…
Financial Analysis of Methyl Bromide and Mulch Alternatives for Bell Pepper in Georgia (B 1411) This publication contains a financial analysis of alternatives to methyl bromide and mulch for bell pepper in Georgia. This research is aimed at seeking the best fumigant substitute for methyl bromide (MB) along with the perfect mulch complement that effectively enhances production yield and profitability potential. The main goal of this report is to make the alternatives accessible to farmers thr…
Food Hubs in Georgia: A Potential Market for Small-Scale and Midscale Farms (B 1488) In Georgia, there are many small-scale producers that largely use ecological production practices, such as Certified Organic, and sell in farmers markets or other direct marketing channels. As these direct markets begin to saturate, these producers may need to forge a path beyond direct markets to wholesale or institutional markets that want sustainable products. Food hubs may offer a path for the…
Forage Systems for Horses in Georgia (B 1224) A good pasture and forage program can provide quality feed and normally will be the most efficient and economical means of providing a substantial part of equine rations. In Georgia, we are fortunate to have a mild climate, soils suitable for producing forages and a good selection of highly productive forage species. With careful planning and good management, adequate grazing can be supplied for u…
Forage Systems for Stocker Cattle (B 1392) This publication provides a guide to the various forage systems that could be used for stocker development and provides guidelines for managing grazing or hay harvests for optimum forage yield and quality.
Forage Use and Grazing Herd Management During a Drought (C 914) This brief management guideline provides producers with specific management tactics that may minimize the potential for short- and long-term problems. These tactics, categorized in order of early, advanced, and severe drought stages, are based on specific characteristics including water loss, forage growth, and rainfall.
Foxtail Identification and Control in Georgia Pastures and Hayfields (B 1464) Foxtails (Setaria spp.) are invasive weeds in pastures and hayfields. The competitive growth of foxtails with pasture specie causes stand thinning and reductions in hay yields. Foxtails may be grazed in spring prior to inflorescence development. However, the production of seedheads is concerning in summer due to the sharp awns that can damage the gums of livestock. Hayfield growers are also concer…
Georgia 2010 Peanut, Cotton and Tobacco Performance Tests (AP 104-2) This publication presents the results of the 2010 statewide performance tests of peanut, cotton and tobacco. The tests for various evaluations were conducted at several or all of the following locations: Bainbridge, Tifton, Plains and Midville in the Coastal Plain region and Athens in the Piedmont region.
Georgia 2011 Peanut, Cotton and Tobacco Performance Tests (AP 104-3) This publication presents the results of the 2011 statewide performance tests of peanut, cotton and tobacco. The tests for various evaluations were conducted at several or all of the following locations: Bainbridge, Tifton, Plains and Midville in the Coastal Plain region and Athens in the Piedmont region. Agronomic information such as grade, fiber data, plant height, lodging, disease occurrence, e…
Georgia 2012 Peanut, Cotton and Tobacco Performance Tests (AP 104-4) This publication presents the results of the 2012 statewide performance tests of peanut, cotton and tobacco. The tests for various evaluations were conducted at several or all of the following locations: Bainbridge, Tifton, Plains and Midville in the Coastal Plain region and Athens in the Piedmont region.
Georgia 2013 Peanut, Cotton and Tobacco Performance Tests (AP 104-5) This report presents the results of the 2013 peanut, cotton and tobacco performance tests.
Georgia 2014 Peanut, Cotton and Tobacco Performance Tests (AP 104-6) This report presents the results of the 2014 peanut, cotton and tobacco variety performance tests.
Georgia 2015 Peanut, Cotton and Tobacco Performance Tests (AP 104-7) This research report presents the results of the 2015 statewide performance tests of peanut, cotton, and tobacco. The tests for various evaluations were conducted at several or all of the following locations: Bainbridge, Tifton, Plains and Midville in the Coastal Plain region and Athens in the Piedmont region. Agronomic information such as grade, fiber data, plant height, lodging, disease occurre…
Georgia 2015 Soybean, Sorghum Grain and Silage, and Summer Annual Forages Performance Tests (AP 103-7) This research report presents the results of the 2015 statewide performance tests of soybean, sorghum grain and silage, and summer annual forages. The tests for various evaluations were conducted at several or all of the following locations: Tifton, Plains, and Midville in the Coastal Plain region; Griffin and Athens in the Piedmont region; and Calhoun in the Limestone Valley region. The Univers…
Georgia 2016 Peanut, Cotton, and Tobacco Performance Tests (AP 104-8) This research report presents the results of the 2016 statewide performance tests of peanut, cotton, and tobacco. The tests for various evaluations were conducted at several or all of the following locations: Bainbridge, Tifton, Plains and Midville in the Coastal Plain region and Athens in the Piedmont region. Agronomic information such as grade, fiber data, plant height, lodging, disease occurre…
Georgia 2016 Soybean, Sorghum Grain and Silage, and Summer Annual Forages Performance Tests (AP 103-8) This research report presents the results of the 2016 statewide performance tests of soybean, sorghum grain and silage, and summer annual forages. The tests for various evaluations were conducted at several or all of the following locations: Tifton, Plains, and Midville in the Coastal Plain region; Griffin and Athens in the Piedmont region; and Calhoun in the Limestone Valley region. The Univers…
Georgia 2016-2017 Small Grain Performance Tests (AP 100-9) This report includes results of the 2016-2017 performance tests of small grains used for grain and forage. Grain evaluation studies were conducted in five locations in Georgia, including Tifton, Plains, and Midville in the Coastal Plain region; Athens in the Piedmont region; and Calhoun in the Limestone Valley region. Small grain forage evaluation tests were conducted at five locations in Georgia …
Georgia 2017 Corn Performance Tests (AP 101-9) In this research report, the results of the 2017 corn performance trials are presented. Short-season and mid-season hybrids were planted at Tifton, Plains, and Midville in the Coastal Plain region, at Griffin in the Piedmont region, at Calhoun in the Limestone Valley region, and at Blairsville in the Mountain region. Hybrids used for silage were evaluated at Tifton, Griffin, Calhoun, and Blairsvil…
Georgia 2017 Peanut, Cotton, and Tobacco Performance Tests (AP 104-9) This publication presents the results of the 2017 statewide performance tests of peanut, cotton, and tobacco. The tests for various evaluations were conducted at several or all of the following locations: Bainbridge, Tifton, Plains and Midville in the Coastal Plain region and Athens in the Piedmont region.
Georgia 2017 Soybean, Sorghum Grain and Silage, and Summer Annual Forages Performance Tests (AP 103-9) This research report presents the results of the 2017 statewide performance tests of soybean, sorghum grain and silage, and summer annual forages. The tests for various evaluations were conducted at several or all of the following locations: Tifton, Plains, and Midville in the Coastal Plain region; Griffin and Athens in the Piedmont region; and Calhoun in the Limestone Valley region.
Georgia 2017-2018 Small Grain Performance Tests (AP 100-10) This report includes results of the 2017-2018 performance tests of small grains used for grain and forage. Grain evaluation studies were conducted in five locations in Georgia, including Tifton, Plains, and Midville in the Coastal Plain region; Athens in the Piedmont region; and Calhoun in the Limestone Valley region. Small grain forage evaluation tests were conducted at five locations in Georgia …
Georgia 2018 Peanut, Cotton, and Tobacco Performance Tests (AP 104-10) This publication presents the results of the 2018 statewide performance tests of peanut, cotton, and tobacco. The tests for various evaluations were conducted at several or all of the following locations: Bainbridge, Tifton, Plains and Midville in the Coastal Plain region and Athens in the Piedmont region.
Georgia 2018 Soybean, Sorghum Grain and Silage, and Summer Annual Forages Performance Tests (AP 103-10) This research report presents the results of the 2018 statewide performance tests of soybean, sorghum grain and silage, and summer annual forages. The tests for various evaluations were conducted at several or all of the following locations: Tifton, Plains, and Midville in the Coastal Plain region; Griffin and Athens in the Piedmont region; and Calhoun in the Limestone Valley region.
Georgia 2018-2019 Small Grain Performance Tests (AP 100-11) This report includes results of the 2018-2019 performance tests of small grains used for grain and forage. Grain evaluation studies were conducted in five locations in Georgia, including Tifton, Plains, and Midville in the Coastal Plain region; Athens in the Piedmont region; and Calhoun in the Limestone Valley region. Small grain forage evaluation tests were conducted at five locations in Georgia …
Georgia 2019 Peanut, Cotton, and Tobacco Performance Tests (AP 104-11) This publication presents the results of the 2019 statewide performance tests of peanut, cotton, and tobacco. The tests for various evaluations were conducted at several or all of the following locations: Bainbridge, Tifton, Plains and Midville in the Coastal Plain region and Athens in the Piedmont region.
Georgia 2019 Soybean Performance Tests (AP 103-11) This research report presents the results of the 2019 statewide soybean performance tests. Evaluations were conducted at several or all of the following locations: Tifton, Plains, Midville and Attapulgus in the Coastal Plain region; Griffin and Athens in the Piedmont region; and Calhoun in the Limestone Valley region. For identification of the test site locations, consult the map inside the back c…
Georgia 2019-2020 Small Grain Performance Tests (AP 100-12) This research report presents results of the 2019-2020 performance tests of small grains grown for grain and forage. Grain evaluation studies were conducted at five locations in Georgia, including Tifton, Plains, and Midville in the Coastal Plain region; Athens in the Piedmont region; and Rome in the Limestone Valley region. An additional study was conducted at Citra, Florida. Winter annual forage…
Georgia Corn Diagnostic Guide (B 1221) The field is a complex environment with many factors that can interact to influence the growth of a corn plant. These factors can be living in the form of insects, diseases, nematodes and weeds; or, they can be non-living such as weather, nutrients or chemicals. In the proper combination of factors, corn can produce more than 200 bushels per acre in the Southeast; or in a totally unfavorable combi…
Georgia Forages: Grass Species (B 1351) The geographic and environmental diversity of Georgia allows for the extensive use of both cool and warm season grass species. In general, cool season grass species provide higher nutritional quality than warm season grasses. In contrast, warm season grasses generally yield more than cool season grasses. Each type and species, however, offers its own unique qualities and benefits to the forage sys…
Georgia Forages: Legume Species (B 1347) Legume species add significantly to forage systems in Georgia. They are an excellent source of high quality forage, and are generally very digestible and contain high levels of crude protein (CP). Many legumes also provide substantial forage yields. Perhaps most importantly, legumes and the rhizobium bacteria that colonize nodules on their roots provide an important source of biologically-fixed ni…
GPS Guidance Options for Forage Systems (B 1546) Some of the most widely adopted precision agriculture technologies include guidance systems that utilize a Global Positioning System (GPS). Although these technologies are most commonly utilized in row-crop agricultural systems, they also have many potential benefits in forage-based production systems. With so many different options to choose from, it can be a daunting task to determine which tech…
Grasscycling: Let the Clippings Fall Where They May (C 1031) Grasscycling is the natural recycling of grass clippings by leaving them on the lawn after mowing. Grasscycling saves time, effort and, when done properly, is good for the environment and health of the grass. This publication describes the process of grasscycling, a practical and environmentally responsible way of recycling grass clippings in the landscape.
Grazing Impacts on Pasture Composition (B 1243) Much attention has been placed on the potential negative environmental impacts of grazing; however, grazing can be a powerful tool for improving pasture health and productivity. Grazing diminishes the competitive ability of plants like broomsedge and johnsongrass and improves the competitiveness of bermudagrass, bahiagrass and even clovers. Improper grazing, on the other hand, can decrease the com…
Guidelines for On-Site Use of Scrap Wallboard in Georgia Residential Construction (C 857) This publication discusses the use of scrap wallboard at residential construction sites.
Haiti Peanut Research Report (B 1499) This report summarizes the findings of field trials and basic data collected in Haiti under the Feed the Future Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab project from 2014-2017. The focus of the research was to improve peanut productivity through management options for foliar diseases, low soil fertility, and other yield-limiting agronomic factors. French translation: https://extension.uga.edu/publicatio…
Heat Pump Dehumidification During the Curing of Flue-Cured Tobacco (RB 439) A study was conducted in order to investigate the incorporation of dehumidification into the curing cycle of flue-cured tobacco. Multiple cures of cultivar K326 flue-cured tobacco were made over three harvesting seasons. Tobacco from the same source and stalk position was cured in a barn coupled to a heat-pump-dehumidifier and, for comparison, in a conventional barn heated with an open flame propa…
Hophornbeam Copperleaf Identification and Control in Peanut (C 882) Hophornbeam copperleaf has become an increasing problem in agricultural fields throughout Georgia. It can occur at densities that have the potential to reduce yields and influence harvest efficiency. Hophornbeam copperleaf is also known as three-seeded mercury.
Household Water Quality Series: Arsenic in Your Water (C 858-12) Arsenic in your drinking water poses a threat to your health. Since private systems are more susceptible to arsenic than public water systems, private well owners should take steps to guard their health. Measures include routine water supply testing and wellhead maintenance and protection.
Household Water Quality Series: Coliform Bacteria in Your Water (C 858-7) This publication contains information about identifying and controlling coliform bacteria in household water.
Household Water Quality Series: Corrosive or Scaling Water (C 858-9) Corrosiveness or scaling is an inherent property of some groundwater and is related to the type of rocks or sediments in contact with the groundwater. Corrosion is caused when water reacts with and dissolves metal plumbing. This can add toxic levels of metals like copper and lead to your water. Other problems associated with corrosive water include: • Deterioration and damage to the plumbing • Wat…
Household Water Quality Series: Disinfecting Your Well Water: Shock Chlorination (C 858-4) Shock chlorination is the process by which home water systems such as wells, springs, and cisterns are disinfected using household liquid bleach (or chlorine). Shock chlorination is the most widely recommended means of treating bacterial contamination in home water systems. This publication contains guidelines for safely and effectively using shock chlorination -- a standard treatment for sanitizi…
Household Water Quality Series: Home Water Quality and Treatment (C 858-3) The quality of your water supply can have both an immediate and a prolonged effect on the health of your household. Many Americans, especially those dependent upon well water, assume that their water is safe and healthy. Unfortunately, this is not always the case. This publication contains basic information about home water quality and treatment.
Household Water Quality Series: Hydrogen Sulfide and Sulfate (C 858-8) This publication describes hydrogen sulfide and sulfate and its effects on household water quality.
Household Water Quality Series: Iron and Manganese (C 858-11) Elevated levels of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) are two of the most common water quality problems in Georgia's groundwater. This circular addresses problems associated with high levels of these two elements, levels considered to be a problem, and treatment options to remove the iron or manganese.
Household Water Quality Series: Lead and Copper (C 858-10) Private wells are exclusively supplied by groundwater. The source waters for most public water systems in south Georgia (and some in north Georgia) are also supplied by groundwater. Generally, lead and copper concentrations in the major underground aquifers in Georgia are far below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) action levels. They enter the household drinking water system and ex…
Household Water Quality Series: Nitrate and Nitrite in Water (C 858-5) Private well owners are responsible for the safety of their drinking water. Maintaining a healthy well requires routine testing for possible contaminants, including nitrate and nitrite. To assist in water safety, the EPA has set standards for nitrate levels in public drinking water systems. Although private well owners are not required to meet these standards, they do serve as a reference for safe…
Household Water Quality Series: Protecting Your Well and Wellhead (C858-1) If you are one of the many Americans who use groundwater for drinking, the proper protection of your well and wellhead is essential for the health of your family, yourself and your neighbors. This publication contains information about protecting your well and wellhead from contaminants.
Household Water Quality Series: Radon in Your Water (C 858-16) Radon is a naturally occurring, radioactive gas formed from the decay of uranium and radium found in geologic deposits. Exposure to radon gas most commonly occurs through elevated levels in home air. However, in Georgia and neighboring states there is a lesser, though still significant, risk of exposure to radon dissolved in drinking water. This circular addresses the issues on its occurrence, hum…
Household Water Quality Series: Removal of Hydrogen Sulfide and Sulfate (C 858-15) This publication explains how to identify and remove hydrogen sulfide and sulfate from household water.
Household Water Quality Series: Testing for Water Quality (C 858-2) The quality and safety of drinking water is of great concern to many Americans today because of an increased interest in health and environmental quality. This new focus on water quality has led many Americans to consider testing their water. This publication is intended to help you understand water testing and to identify the tests needed.
Household Water Quality Series: Uranium in Your Water (C 858-14) Uranium in your drinking water may be harmful to your health. If your water comes from a public system, it is routinely tested to ensure safe levels of uranium. If your source of household water is a private well, cistern or spring, you are solely responsible for the quality of your own drinking water. Private well owners are encouraged to monitor uranium through water testing.
Household Water Treatment: Mechanical Filtration Methods and Devices (B 1523) Mechanical filtration removes suspended solids and dirt to greatly improve the clarity of water. Various kinds of mechanical filtration methods and devices are available for home water treatments. Primarily, the size of the suspended solids will determine the appropriate type of mechanical filtration device suitable for your unique situation. Consumers interested in filtration devices should discu…
Identification and Control of Spring Dead Spot in Georgia (C 1012) Spring dead spot (SDS) is a persistent and destructive disease of bermudagrass (Cynodon sp.) in Georgia. The disease can be problematic on lawns, landscapes, golf courses (bermudagrass greens, tees and fairways) and sports fields. The disease is particularly prevalent and damaging in north Georgia, especially in the Piedmont region. However, SDS can be observed throughout the state after harsh win…
Irrigating Tobacco (B 892) This publication is a comprehensive guide to irrigation methods for tobacco in Georgia.
Irrigation Reference Guide for Corn, Cotton, Peanuts, and Soybeans (C 1189) A farm’s return on investment is directly affected by the way water is applied to its crops. The wrong end-gun settings can result in overwatering or underwatering large portions of field acres. Clogged or partially clogged nozzles lead to obvious water shortages that can be visually observed or measured using yield monitors. Systems not properly checked and maintained can lead to significant loss…
Irrigation Water Quality for Agriculture (B 1448) With growing demands for potable (suitable for drinking) water (due to population increase) and expanding irrigated acreage, there is an increased pressure on irrigated farms to consider using nonpotable alternatives. However, low quality irrigation water can adversely affect soil physical conditions and crop production. This publication provides in-depth information on the following aspects of a…
Johnsongrass Control in Pastures, Roadsides, and Noncropland Areas (B 1513) Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) is a warm-season perennial weed in pastures and roadsides throughout central and northern Georgia. Populations may germinate from seed in spring after overwintering in the soil. However, Johnsongrass primarily emerges from dormant rhizomes in areas with a history of infestations. Rhizomes are belowground stems that produce daughter plants and storage reserves for n…
Lawns in Georgia: Establishment (B 1533-2) Turfgrass enhances the landscape in ways that can be particularly important in urban environments. Turf is one of the most effective plant covers to reduce soil erosion and surface runoff while recharging ground water, which results in more efficient use of rainfall. In most landscapes turf occupies the largest area and provides an ideal surface for outdoor activities. It begins with selecting the…
Lawns in Georgia: Selection and Species (B 1533-1) An attractive lawn adds beauty and value to any property and is one of the most versatile and functional plants in the landscape. Turfgrass enhances the environment in ways that are particularly important in urban environments. Turf is one of the most effective plant covers to reduce soil erosion and surface runoff while recharging ground water, which results in more efficient use of rainfall. In …
Leafspot Diagnosis and Management in Bermudagrass Forages (C 887) Bermudagrass leafspot is a disease that decreases yields, nutritive value and palatability. This publication discusses leafspot diagnosis and management in bermudagrass.
Lespedeza Identification and Control in Turfgrass (B 1395) This publication describes ways to identify and control Lespedeza in turfgrass, including cultural control methods, preemergence herbicides and postemergence herbicides.
Low-Volume Irrigation Systems for Blueberry with Chemigation and Fertigation Suggestions (B 1504) Drip, trickle, microemitters, and subsurface irrigation systems are considered low-volume irrigation. Low-volume irrigation systems are designed to improve irrigation efficiency, delivering water to the crop accurately with minimal water loss. Irrigation efficiency can be categorized into two main concepts: water loss and uniform application. If water loss is significant, or application uniformity…
Managing Bermudagrass Stem Maggots (B 1484) This publication summarizes the latest and most relevant information regarding the management of the bermudagrass stem maggot (BSM), including biological, cultural, physical and chemical mitigation strategies. In addition to information about how to control the pest, this bulletin provides detailed information about the history, identification, and biology of the bermudagrass stem maggot.
Measuring Field Losses from Grain Combines (B 973) Harvest losses can rob you of profit from grain and bean production. Harvest losses of 10 percent or more are not unusual, when they should be in the 2 to 4 percent range. If you do not check losses behind your combine, you have no idea what the losses are and where they occur during harvesting. The following procedure outlines how to measure losses during harvest. It also shows you where the loss…
Methods of Irrigation Scheduling for Vegetable Production (C 1181) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dmj_7_FfZUA
Nitrate Toxicity (C 915) This publication summarizes the effect that high nitrates have on the animal, presents the conditions to expect in toxic concentrations of nitrates, and outlines strategies that could prevent or reduce the risk of nitrate toxicity.
Novel Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue (C 861) This publication outlines plant persistence and animal performance characteristics of novel endophyte-infected tall fescue and provides recommended pasture renovation practices.
On-Site Beneficial Use of Scrap Wallboard in Georgia Residential Construction (B 1223) As tipping fees have risen, interest has increased in finding alternative uses for construction wastes. Many homebuyers are also looking for environmentally sensitive building practices. This includes the recycling and reuse of construction debris rather than disposal. One of the largest waste components in residential construction is gypsum wallboard. In many cases, scrap wallboard can be ground …
Organic Cool-Season Vegetable Crop Rotations for the Southeast (B 1498) Interest in organic food has been growing over the past twenty years. In Georgia, growing conditions during the summer are particularly difficult for organic producers due to high insect, disease, and weed pressure. However, pest pressures are much reduced when the weather cools. The moderate conditions of late fall to spring are ideal for production of many cool-season crops in the Southeast, inc…
Organic Cover Crop Seed Production in Georgia (B 1436) Cover crops are in essential part of an organic production system. Cereal rye and crimson clover are cover crops that are commonly used. If organic cover crop production is a viable enterprise for growers, it could improve the availability of varieties adapted to the Southeast; provide a source for locally grown seeds; and be another profit center for growers, seed cleaners, and local seed compani…
Peanut Digger and Combine Efficiency (B 1087) Consumers demand wholesome, good-tasting peanuts and peanut products. Meeting this demand starts on the farm with growing and harvesting the cleanest and least-damaged peanuts. This publication explains how peanut diggers and combines work and how to adjust them for peak efficiency to produce the highest quality peanuts.
Peanut Production Field Guide (B 1146) The peanut production guide includes varieties, agronomic practices, pest management, irrigation management, equipment maintenance, maturity, and harvest practices.
Peanut Response to Dicamba (C 1015) The objective of this publication is to provide county agents, peanut growers, crop consultants, agri-business personnel, etc. with information that can assist them in making appropriate management decisions after a suspected dicamba drift/volatilization or sprayer contamination problem has occurred.
Peanut Response to Grazon® P+D (C 1190) Grazon® P+D (picloram + 2,4-D) injury, diagnosed as leaf roll, is occasionally observed in Georgia peanut fields due to the presence of contaminated soil, forage, animal waste (manure/urine), and/or irrigation water. Since peanut plants are very tolerant of low levels of 2,4-D, the primary cause of these leaf roll symptoms is picloram. When this injury occurs, growers are often concerned about how…
Peanut Response to Liberty (C 1025) Liberty® (glufosinate-ammonium) has become a popular postemergence herbicide in Georgia due to its ability to control herbicide-resistant Palmer amaranth when applied in a timely manner. However, the popularity of Liberty®-resistant cultivars (e.g., Liberty-Link® and WideStrike®) has led to an increased potential for off-target movement and sprayer contamination of Liberty® to sensitive crops such…
Peanut Yield Response to 2,4-D in Georgia (C 1036) This publication provides growers, county agents, crop consultants, etc. with information regarding peanut yield response to 2,4-D injury.
Pearl Millet for Grain (B 1216) Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br.) has a long history of use as a summer grazing and hay crop in the southeastern U.S. The recent development of new, adaptable and productive grain pearl millet hybrids in the Southeast gives crop producers a suitable alternative feed grain for dryland production.
Planting Guide for Row Crops in Georgia (C 813) This planting guide will help producers establish grasses and legumes commonly grown in Georgia.
Planting Guide to Grasses and Legumes for Forage and Wildlife in Georgia (C 814) This planting guide will help producers establish grasses and legumes commonly grown for forage and wildlife in Georgia.
Predicting Nitrogen Release from Cover Crops: the Cover Crop Nitrogen Availability Calculator (B 1466) Cover crops have many benefits for farmers, including erosion control, weed suppression, and feeding the food soil web. Cover crops also play an important role in fertility, particularly for nitrogen. One of the challenges facing farmers who use cover crops is quantifying the available nitrogen supplies to the following cash crop by the decomposing cover crop residues and how they might change t…
Preparing and Calibrating a No-Till or Conventional Drill for Establishing Forage or Cover Crops (B 1510) Properly maintaining, calibrating, and adjusting a seed drill before planting is an important part of ensuring the successful establishment of forage or cover crops. Seed may be placed at a depth that is too deep or too shallow if the equipment is not properly prepared and set. Too much or too little seed may be planted if the equipment is not properly calibrated. These planting mistakes may resul…
Preparing Your Blueberry Freeze Protection System (C 1128) Frost protection systems tremendously benefit commercial blueberry production in Georgia. These systems are expensive and usually configured as overhead irrigation systems. For the system to provide protection, it must operate as soon as it's needed. The best practice for maintaining a frost protection system is to perform preventative maintenance service every late fall or early winter. This publ…
Professional Grounds Management Calendar (C 802) This publication is a monthly guide for professional managers of commercial, recreational, municipal, institutional or private grounds in Georgia.
Pulse Width Modulation Technology for Agricultural Sprayers (C 1277) This publication provides information on pulse width modulation (PWM) technology including its working principle, components, benefits, and best management practices for its optimal utilization on agricultural sprayers. Agricultural sprayers are commonly used for pesticide applications and come in various design types and sizes, including three-point hitch, pull-behind, and self-propelled. During …
Rainwater Harvesting for System Designers and Contractors (B 1372) With recent droughts and increased emphasis on water conservation, rainwater harvesting (RWH) has become an important alternative source for outdoor irrigation. RWH is the collection of runoff from roofs during a rainfall event. The water is conveyed through a gutter system, filtered and stored in a tank for later use. In Georgia, non-potable harvested rainwater can be an alternative water supply …
Rapport de recherches sur l’arachide en Haïti (B 1499-FR) L’arachide est cultivée en Haïti depuis au moins 500 ans et remonte très probablement à la préhistoire. Selon Bartolomé de las Casas, un prêtre qui a accompagné Christophe Colomb lors de son expédition dans le Nouveau Monde et qui est accrédité avec la première description écrite de l’arachide, les Amérindiens indigènes ont cultivé l’arachide comme culture vivrière sur l’île d’Hispaniola avant l’a…
Recommended Procedure for Field Measurement of Soil Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity and the Applications for On-Site Wastewater Treatment Systems in Georgia (B 1535) This bulletin describes a recommended procedure to measure soil saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) with a borehole permeameter and convert this value to estimates of percolation rate for on-site wastewater treatment systems. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is a fundamental hydraulic parameter for soil water flow and it is defined as the ratio of the water velocity to the hydraulic gradient. Th…
Reducing Aflatoxin in Corn During Harvest and Storage (B 1231) Aflatoxin is a naturally occurring toxin produced by the fungus Aspergillus flavus. The fungus can be recognized by a gray-green or yellow-green mold growing on corn kernels in the field or in storage. Plant stress due to drought, heat or insect damage during fungus growth usually increases aflatoxin levels. Aflatoxin contamination will reduce feeding value and hinder sales. Because it is extremel…
Removal of Arsenic From Household Water (C 996) Arsenic in your drinking water may damage your health. Because arsenic in household well water is usually dissolved from natural rock in the aquifer, water treatment is the only way to eliminate it. This publication describes methods for removing arsenic from household drinking water.
Row Crop Planter Checklist: Tips to Achieve Successful Stand Establishment (C 1231) The lack of proper planter setup and maintenance results in common planting mistakes that affects crop stand and yield every year. Growers can easily avoid these mistakes by following a few simple steps at the beginning of the planting season to ensure proper planter setup for maximized field performance. This simple and easy-to-follow checklist provides tips on how to properly set up different pl…
Sampling Irrigation Water for Blueberry Production (C 1104) This publication outlines the sampling procedure for irrigation water to be used in blueberry production. Follow the outlined steps to provide a certified lab with a sample that is representative of the irrigation water to be used for growing blueberry plants.
Selecting a Forage Bermudagrass Variety (C 919) This publication shares the collective experience of research and extension personnel on bermudagrass cultivars that are (or could be) grown in Georgia.
Selenium in Georgia Soils and Forages: Importance in the Livestock Industry (B 1390) This publication highlights the role of selenium in animal nutrition; selenium concentration and distribution in soils and feedstuffs (grains and forages) produced in various parts of the United States and in Georgia; disorders resulting from Selenium deficiency or toxicity; various methods of selenium supplementation; and recommendations for selenium management in Georgia. This publication is int…
Soil and Fertilizer Management Considerations for Forage Systems in Georgia (B 1346) Georgia possesses diverse soil conditions and many forage production factors are influenced by this diversity. As a result, the soil environment of a given site must be considered when selecting forage species, determining fertilization strategies and planning forage utilization systems. This article guides forage producers through the process of exploring their soil's characteristics and sampling…
Soil Inoculants (C 990) Soil inoculants are used for a variety of reasons. In some cases, we add soil organisms that have a known beneficial effect. A symbiotic relationship is one that is mutually beneficial. In return for the plant feeding the rhizobia carbon from photosynthesis and giving it a home, the bacteria can “fix” atmospheric nitrogen into a form that the plant can use.
Soil Salinity Testing, Data Interpretation and Recommendations (C 1019) The University of Georgia Agricultural and Environmental Services Laboratories offer soil salinity testing to help farmers and the general public diagnose and manage problems associated with soil salinity. By definition, a saline soil contains excess soluble salts that reduce the growth of most crops or ornamental plants. This publication discusses soil salinity testing, data interpretation and re…
Soil Sampling for Precision Management of Crop Production (B 1208) While site-specific soil sampling can improve field management, it must be accompanied by the conscientious collection and analysis of data. The new technologies that have elevated precision agriculture into the forefront of farm management cannot offset poor data collection and soil-testing techniques. Inaccurate data on soil properties will inevitably lead to improper management decisions. This…
Soil Test Handbook for Georgia (SB 62) This handbook is designed to serve as a reference guide for the University of Georgia Cooperative Extension personnel and others regarding Georgia's lime and fertilizer recommendations and to provide basic information pertinent to the soil testing program.
Soil Testing for Home Lawns, Gardens and Wildlife Food Plots (C 896) Developing and maintaining productive soils begin with soil testing. Soils tests provide information on the soil's actual nutrient status. Test results are used to determine the amount and kind of nutrients that should be added for the best growth of lawn, garden, and other types of plants.
Soil Testing: Soil pH and Salt Concentration (C 875) Soil pH is one of the most important measurements of soil fertility. Knowing a soil's pH may help in diagnosing nutritional problems of agricultural crops and other plants.
Southern Small Grains Resource Management Handbook (B 1190) The objective of this handbook is to provide rapid and extensive transfer of modern management technologies for small grain production. The intended audience includes Extension agents, industry personnel and dedicated producers.
Spanish Series: Control de Bermuda en Céspedes Residenciales del Sudeste de los EEUU (B 1393-SP) La bermuda es una planta perenne de estación cálida ampliamente utilizada para su uso como césped en el sudeste de los Estados Unidos. [Although improved common (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) and hybrid bermudagrasses (Cynodon dactylon x C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy) have desirable qualities as turfgrasses for heat, drought and wear tolerance, bermudagrass is a problematic weed when grown in mixed…
Spanish Series: Identificación y Control de Lespedeza en Céspedes (B 1395-SP) La lespedeza común (Kummerowia striata (Thunb.) Schind syn. Lespedeza striata) es una leguminosa anual de verano sin organización en sus ramificaciones, que es una maleza problemática en céspedes de jardines residenciales así como en otras áreas de césped. [Common lespedeza (Kummerowia striata (Thunb.) Schind syn. Lespedeza striata) is a freely branched, summer annual legume that is a problematic…
Spring Center Pivot and Lateral Irrigation System Preparation (B 1452) The main objective of this fact sheet is to provide a checklist of what is needed to properly prepare a center pivot or lateral irrigation system for the production season. All of the topics covered apply to both pivot and lateral irrigation systems, but for brevity, only center pivots will be referenced. By using the items in this fact sheet as a guideline for preventative maintenance, most break…
Stockpiling Tall Fescue for Fall and Winter Grazing (C 920) Producing and/or purchasing hay to feed livestock through the winter represents a substantial expense. This publication details strategies and considerations when stockpiling and utilizing tall fescue.
Success with Cover Crops (EB 102) This publication discusses the benefits of planting cover crops, how to select an appropriate cover crop to meet your needs, and includes information about using cover crops successfully.
Ten Steps to a Healthier Home Lawn (C 1009) The key to disease control is a healthy plant. Under proper turfgrass management, disease-causing conditions are often reduced and healthy turf is maintained. The following management practices will help achieve vigorous, healthy turf and reduce turfgrass disease problems.
The Management and Use of Bahiagrass (B 1362) Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) is a long-lived, perennial warm season grass that is grown extensively in the southeastern United States. It is most commonly used as a pasture species, but can be used for hay production, erosion control, and wildlife habitat. Bahiagrass can also be used in "sod-based rotation" sequences that have been found to suppress pest problems (nematode and disease issu…
The Management and Use of Switchgrass in Georgia (B 1358) Recently, switchgrass has attracted attention as a potential bioenergy crop. High yields of biomass with relatively few inputs make switchgrass a favorable choice for bioenergy production. In contrast, the use of switchgrass in pastures and hayfields in Georgia is limited because other introduced species (e.g., bermudagrass, bahiagrass, tall fescue, etc.) are more easily managed for high yields an…
The Value of Poultry Litter in South Georgia (B 1386) Of the 10.2 million tons of poultry litter generated annually in the U.S., Georgia generates approximately 2 million tons. Over the years, poultry litter has been used for composting, pelletizing, and converting to electricity, steam and biogas; however, the most common use has been land application. Poultry litter has an organic fertilizer value in excess of $80.00 per ton based on current fertil…
Tips for Saving Water in the Landscape (C 1010) Research has shown that a landscape that has been carefully planned and installed and properly managed will be healthier, less prone to insects and diseases, and will require less irrigation. Georgia's landscape and turf industry and UGA Cooperative Extension are urging citizens to implement inexpensive and easy-to-perform landscape management practices that decrease the need for irrigation and/or…
Tropic Croton Identification and Control in Cotton and Peanut (C 865) This publication discusses tropic croton identification and control in cotton and peanut.
Turfgrass Fertility Series: Turfgrass Fertility: Soil Texture, Organic Matter, Aeration, and pH (C 1058-1) Successful lawn care requires a basic understanding of soil properties. A healthy plant starts with healthy soil. Soil is a complex relationship of soil minerals, organic matter, soil inhabiting organisms, and plants along with water and air. Understanding when and how to aerate the soil and understanding what pH is and how it affects plant health is essential for turfgrass health. This publicatio…
Turfgrass Fertility Series: Turfgrass Fertility: Understanding Fertilizer Labels, Macronutrients, and Micronutrients (C 1058-2) A regular fertilization program is important to maintain healthy, attractive turf and should include applying the correct analysis of fertilizer, using the correct amount, and fertilizing at the proper time. Turfgrasses require a number of nutrients for growth. Three of these—carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen—are rarely lacking because grasses get these elements from carbon dioxide in the atmosphere an…
Turfgrass Field Day Series: 2016 Turfgrass Research Field Day Guide (AP 117-1) This is a biennial publication containing the proceedings of the turfgrass research field day carried out at the UGA Griffin Campus every other year. The guide provides professionals with continuous, real time access to the latest up-to-date information about turfgrass research studies, products, and turfgrass Extension activities, programs, and outreach. Topics will include, but are not limited …
Turfgrass Field Day Series: 2018 Turfgrass Research Field Day Guide (AP 117-2) This is a biennial publication containing the proceedings of the turfgrass field day carried out at the UGA Griffin campus every other year. The guide provides professionals with continuous, real-time access to the latest up-to-date information about turfgrass research studies, products, and turfgrass Extension activities, programs, and outreach. Topics will include, but are not limited to, crop a…
Turfgrass Field Day Series: 2022 Turfgrass Research Field Day Guide (AP 117-3) This biennial publication contains the proceedings of the turfgrass field day carried out at the UGA Griffin campus every other year; 2022 was the first field day since the 2018 field day because of the COVID-19 pandemic. The guide provides professionals with continuous, real-time access to the latest up-to-date information about turfgrass research studies, products, and turfgrass Extension activi…
Turfgrass Pest Control Recommendations for Professionals (B 984) This publication includes recommendations and current guidelines for turfgrass pest control methods and materials in Georgia, as well as a turfgrass management calendar.
UGA Basic Balancer (B 1371) The UGA Basic Balancer is a spreadsheet-based decision aid to formulate basic rations for beef cattle operations. The nutrient requirements used in this program are adapted from guidelines presented in the 2000 National Research Council publication “Nutrient Requirement of Beef Cattle: Seventh Revised Edition: Update 2000." The UGA Basic Balancer program consists of a feed library, least cost feed…
UGA Feed Cost Analyzer (B 1377) The UGA Feed Cost Analyzer is a spreadsheet-based decision aid to compare potential feedstuffs on a price per pound of crude protein and energy (total digestible nutrients; TDN). This program consists of a feed library prepopulated with some common feedstuffs, a least cost feedstuff analyzer, and a feedstuffs replacement calculator. Each page contains step by step directions on how to use this dec…
UGA Programs for Controlling Ryegrass and Wild Radish in 2020-21 Wheat (C 1072) Ryegrass threatens Georgia wheat production as herbicide resistance has become very problematic. Aggressive resistant management programs must be implemented; ignoring this warning will ensure resistance that threatens long-term sustainability of grain production. Wild radish is the most problematic broadleaf weed infesting Georgia wheat. Wild radish seed pods often contaminate harvested grain, t…
Understanding and Improving Forage Quality (B 1425) The goal of this publication is to guide the user to a better understanding of basic forage quality terms and to recommend management changes that will improve forage quality. To that end, our objectives are to explain how forage quality is measured, describe how to interpret a forage analysis, present the effects of management on forage quality, and list the key management strategies that can inc…
Understanding Wastewater Treatment Systems (EB 100) Many Georgia communities are wrestling with wastewater disposal issues. The choices a community makes may affect its growth and environmental quality. This PowerPoint presentation presents the basics of wastewater treatment systems so that community leaders can make better-informed choices.
Urban Gardening: Assessing Soils for Contamination (C 1075) Urban gardeners and farmers may have concerns about potentially harmful contaminants in their soils. By determining the historical use of the land, one can test for soil contamination associated with prior use. This publication outlines appropriate testing procedures for soil contamination and recommends best gardening practices for working in urban soils.
Using a Rising Plate Meter to Measure Pasture Mass (B 1528) Measuring, monitoring, and managing forage requires producers to regularly measure how much forage mass is present and how quickly that forage is growing. By using a rising plate meter, producers can assess the forage mass across several pastures quickly and with reasonable accuracy. Then, by comparing available forage in individual paddocks from one week to another, producers can determine the gr…
Using SpotOn® Digital Meter for Boom Sprayer Calibration (C 1252) Boom sprayer calibration using conventional methods (catching flow for certain time or distance) for large (60-90 ft; 54-72 nozzles) boom sprayers can be a time-consuming process. This short publication outlines steps to take to verify nozzle output and calibrate a boom sprayer, including tables with useful information on flow rates at multiple speeds for two common nozzle spacings and an equation…
Vineyard Frost Protection (B 1490) The vineyard industry is growing across Georgia and across the Eastern United States. Frost is a perennial threat in these regions, and reducing frost risk can save approximately $48,000 per acre in return revenues. Since many growers new to the industry will be planting vineyards, it is important that they are aware of the risk of frost and ways to avoid it. This bulletin also serves as a good re…
Virginia Buttonweed Identification and Control in Turfgrass (B 1397) This publication discusses ways to identify and control Virginia buttonweed, a troublesome broadleaf weed in turfgrasses throughout the Southeast.
Water Quality and Common Treatments for Private Drinking Water Systems (B 939) An abundant supply of clean, safe drinking water is essential for human and animal health. Water from municipal or public water systems is treated and monitored to ensure that it is safe for human consumption. Many Georgia residents, especially in rural areas, rely on private water systems for human and livestock consumption. Most private water systems are supplied by wells. Water from wells in Ge…
Weed Control in Home Lawns (B 978) Weeds can be major pests of home lawns. Due to differences in color, leaf size, shape and growth habit, weeds detract from the natural beauty of desirable turfgrasses. Additionally, weeds compete with turfgrasses for sunlight, soil moisture, nutrients and space. Many weeds can quickly become the dominant species in a lawn. This publication contains comprehensive information about weed control in h…
White Clover Establishment and Management Guide (B 1251) White clover (Trifolium repens L.) is a cool season perennial legume of Mediterranean origin. White clover has been used as a forage in North America since Colonial times. Benjamin Franklin noted its prevalence in cleared and disturbed land as early as 1746. There are many animal and agronomic related reasons for establishing a productive stand of white clover in existing grass pastures. This publ…
Winterizing Your Irrigation System (B 1439) Irrigation systems are used by farmers and homeowners to supply supplemental water to their crops. At the end of the growing season, the irrigation system should be checked and winterized to maintain proper operation for the coming season. This publication provides a list of suggested things that should by done on both drip and center pivot systems to help protect them during the winter months.

Browse Departments